Devenition And Abreviation Aeronautical Telecommunication (Alphabet S)

Safe forced landing. Unavoidable landing or ditching with a reasonable expectancy of no injuries to persons in the aircraft or on the surface. 

Safety area. A defined area on a heliport surrounding the FATO which is free of obstacles, other than those required for air navigation purposes, and intended to reduce the risk of damage to helicopters accidentally diverging from the FATO. 

Safety management system. A system for the management of safety at aerodromes, including the organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, processes and provisions for the implementation of aerodrome safety policies by an aerodrome operator, which provides for control of safety at, and the safe use of, the aerodrome. 

Safety recommendation. A proposal of the accident investigation authority of the State conducting the investigation, based on information derived from the investigation, made with the intention of preventing accidents or incidents.
 

Safety-sensitive personnel. Persons who might endanger aviation safety if they perform their duties and functions improperly including, but not limited to, crew members, aircraft maintenance personnel and air traffic controllers. 

Scheduled Air Service - Any air transportation service which is operated on a weekly basis and in accordance with a published schedule. 

Sea level engine means a reciprocating aircraft engine having a rated takeoff power that is producible only at sea level. 

Search. An operation normally coordinated by a rescue coordination centre or rescue subcentre using available personnel and facilities to locate persons in distress. 

Search and rescue aircraft. An aircraft provided with specialized equipment suitable for the efficient conduct of search and rescue missions. 

Search and rescue facility. Any mobile resource, including designated search and rescue units, used to conduct search and rescue operations. 

Search and rescue region (SRR). An area of defined dimensions, associated with a rescue coordination centre, within which search and rescue services are provided. 

Search and rescue service. The performance of distress monitoring, communication, coordination and search and rescue functions, initial medical assistance or medical evacuation, through the use of public and private resources, including cooperating aircraft, vessels and other craft and installations. 

Search and rescue services unit. A generic term meaning, as the case may be, rescue coordination centre, rescue subcentre or alerting post. 

Seating Capacity .The maximum number of passenger seats authorized by, the type certificate, type approval, or other equivalent document. 

Second (s). The duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the twohyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom. 

Second in command (SIC) means a pilot who is designated to be second in command of an aircraft during flight time.

Second Officer (SO). A pilot who is the holder of a commercial or higher pilot license and is endorsed on an aircraft type, as competent on the flight engineers panel and may act as a flight crewmember with respect to the flight engineer duties. 

Secondary surveillance radar (SSR). A surveillance radar system which uses transmitters/receivers (interrogators) and transponders. 

Security management. An ATN systems management facility for access control, authentication and data integrity. 

Segregated parallel operations. Simultaneous operations on parallel or near-parallel instrument runways in which one runway is used exclusively for approaches and the other runway is used exclusively for departures. 

Semi-automatic relay installation. A teletypewriter installation where interpretation of the relaying responsibility in respect of an incoming message and the resultant setting-up of the connections required to effect the appropriate retransmissions require the intervention of an operator but where all other normal operations of relay are carried out automatically. 

Serious incident. An incident involving circumstances indicating that an accident nearly occurred. 

Serious injury. An injury which is sustained by a person in an accident and which: 

a) requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours, commencing within seven days from the

    date the injury was received; or 

b) results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fractures of fingers, toes or nose); or 

c) involves lacerations which cause severe haemorrhage, nerve, muscle or tendon damage; or 

d) involves injury to any internal organ; or 

e) involves second or third degree burns, or any burns affecting more than 5 per cent of the

    body surface; or 

f) involves verified exposure to infectious substances or injurious radiation. 

Service area (world area forecast system). A geographical area within which a regional area forecast centre is responsible for issuing area forecasts to meteorological authorities and other users. 

Service Difficulty Report (SDR) means the certificate holder report the occurrence or detection of each failure, malfunction, or defect. (ref. CASR 121.703) 

Shoulder. An area adjacent to the edge of a pavement so prepared as to provide a transition between the pavement and the adjacent surface. 

Show, unless the context otherwise requires, means to show to the satisfaction of the DGCA. SIC – Second in command. A pilot assigned to act as a first officer or co-pilot of an aircraft.

Sign a maintenance release (to). To certify that maintenance work has been completed satisfactorily in accordance with the applicable Standards of airworthiness, by issuing the maintenance release referred to in Annex 6. 

Siemens (S). The electric conductance of a conductor in which a current of 1 ampere is produced by an electric potential difference of 1 volt. 

Sievert (Sv). The unit of radiation dose equivalent corresponding to 1 joule per kilogram. 

Simplex. A method in which telecommunication between two stations takes place in one direction at a time. 

Single Pilot – the operation of an aircraft with only one pilot on board. 

Single channel simplex. Simplex using the same frequency channel in each direction. 

Signal area. An area on an aerodrome used for the display of ground signals. 

SIGMET information. Information issued by a meteorological watch office concerning the occurrence or expected occurrence of specified en-route weather phenomena which may affect the safety of aircraft operations. 

Significant point. A specified geographical location used in defining an ATS route or the flight path of an aircraft and for other navigation and ATS purposes.
Sign.
a) Fixed message sign. A sign presenting only one message. 

b)Variable message sign. A sign capable of presenting several pre-determined messages or no message,

   as applicable. Signal area. An area on an aerodrome used for the display of ground signals. 

Slotted aloha. A random access strategy whereby multiple users access the same communications channel independently, but each communication must be confined to a fixed time slot. The same timing slot structure is known to all users, but there is no other coordination between the users. 

Slush. Water-saturated snow which with a heel-and-toe slap-down motion against the ground will be displaced with a splatter; specific gravity: 0.5 up to 0.8. 

Small aircraft means aircraft of 12,500 pounds (5 700 kg) or less, maximum certificated takeoff weight. 

Small aeroplane. Small light aeroplane means an aeroplane having a maximum total weight authorized (MTWA) not exceeding 300 kg for single seat airplanes, or 450 kg for two seat airplanes and designed to carry not more than two persons. 

Smoke. The carbonaceous materials in exhaust emissions which obscure the transmission of light. 

Smoke Number. The dimensionless term quantifying smoke emissions.
 

Snow (on the ground).
a) Dry snow. Snow which can be blown if loose or, if compacted by hand, will fall apart

    again upon release; specific gravity: up to but not including 0.35.
b) Wet snow. Snow which, if compacted by hand, will stick together and tend to or form 

    a snowball; specific gravity: 0.35 up to but not including 0.5. c) Compacted snow. 

    Snow which has been compressed into a solid mass that resists further compression 

    and will hold together or break up into lumps if picked up; specific gravity: 0.5 and over. 

SNOWTAM. A special series NOTAM notifying the presence or removal of hazardous conditions due to snow, ice, slush or standing water associated with snow, slush and ice on the movement area, by means of a specific format. 

S/O – Second Officer. A pilot who is the holder of a commercial or higher pilot licence and is endorsed on an aircraft type, as competent on the flight engineers panel and may act as a flight crewmember with respect to the flight engineer duties. 

Solo flight time. Flight time during which a student pilot is the sole occupant of an aircraft. 

Special VFR conditions mean meteorological conditions that are less than those required for basic VFR flight in controlled airspace and in which some aircraft are permitted flight under visual flight rules. 

Special VFR operations means aircraft operating in accordance with clearances within controlled airspace in meteorological conditions less than the basic VFR weather minima. Such operations must be requested by the pilot and approved by ATC. 

Special VFR flight. A VFR flight cleared by air traffic control to operate within a control zone in meteorological conditions below VMC. 

Specific Operation – means a specialized area of operation within the group of aerial work operations, described as special purpose air transportation services, in CASR 135.3(b) and Appendix A-A of this Part. 

Standard isobaric surface. An isobaric surface used on a worldwide basis for representing and analysing the conditions in the atmosphere. Standard atmosphere means an atmosphere defined as follow :
a) The air a perfect dry gas ;
b) The physical constants are :

State of Design. The State having jurisdiction over the organization responsible for the type design of Manufacture. The State having jurisdiction over the State organization responsible for the final assembly of the aircraft. 

State of Origin. The State in the territory of which the cargo was first loaded on an aircraft. 

State of the Operator. The State in which the operator’s principal place of business is located or, if there is no such place of business, the operator’s permanent residence. 

State of Registry. The State on whose register the aircraft is entered. 

Station declination. An alignment variation between the zero degree radial of a VOR and true north, determined at the time the VOR station is calibrated. 

State of Manufacture. The State having jurisdiction over the organization responsible for the final assembly of the aircraft. 

State of Occurrence. The State in the territory of which an accident or incident occurs. 

Steradian (sr). The solid angle which, having its vertex in the centre of a sphere, cuts off an area of the surface of the sphere equal to that of a square with sides of length equal to the radius of the sphere.
 

Stopway means an area beyond the takeoff runway, no less wide than the runway and centered upon the extended centerline of the runway, able to support the airplane during an aborted takeoff, without causing structural damage to the airplane, and designated by the airport authorities for use in decelerating the airplane during an aborted takeoff or A defined rectangular area on the ground at the end of take-off run available prepared as a suitable area in which an aircraft can be stopped in the case of an abandoned take-off. 

Subnetwork. An actual implementation of a data network that employs a homogeneous protocol and addressing plan and is under control of a single authority. 

Surface level heliport. A heliport located on the ground or on the water. 

Supplemental Air Carrier. An air carrier whose operations specifications authorize charter or all cargo operations. 

Surveillance radar. Radar equipment used to determine the position of an aircraft in range and azimuth. 

Survival ELT (ELT(S)). An ELT which is removable from an aircraft, stowed so as to facilitate its ready use in an emergency, and manually activated by survivors. 

Switch-over time (light). The time required for the actual intensity of a light measured in a given direction to fall from 50 per cent and recover to 50 per cent during a power supply changeover, when the light is being operated at intensities of 25 per cent or above. 

Switched virtual circuit (SVC). The primary circuit management technique provided within the ISO 8208 protocol. The network resources are dynamically allocated when needed and released when no longer required. 

System level requirement. The system level requirement is a high-level technical requirement that has been derived from operational requirements, technological constraints and regulatory constraints (administrative and institutional). The system level requirements are the basis for the functional requirements and lower-level requirements. 

Synthetic flight trainer. Any one of the following three types of apparatus in which flight conditions are simulated on the ground : 

A flight simulator, which provides an accurate representation of a flight deck of a particular aircraft type to the extend that the mechanical, electrical, electronic, aircraft system control functions, the normal environment of flight crew members, and the performance and flight characteristics of that type of aircraft are realistically simulated. 

A flight procedures trainer, which provides a realistic flight deck environment, and which simulates instrument responses, simple control function of mechanical, electrical, electronic, etc. aircraft system, and the performance flight characteristics of aircraft of a particular class. 

A basic instrument flight trainer, Which is equipped with appropriate instruments, and which simulates the flight deck environment of an aircraft in flight in instrument flight condition.

Devenition And Abreviation Aeronautical Telecommunication (Alphabet R)

Radar vectoring. Provision of navigational guidance to aircraft in the form of specific headings, based on the use of radar. 

Radian (rad). The plane angle between two radii of a circle which cut off on the circumference an arc equal in length to the radius. 

Radio direction finding (RR S1.12). Radiodetermination using the reception of radio waves for the purpose of determining the direction of a station or object. 

Radio direction-finding station (RR S1.91). A radiodetermination station using radio direction finding. 

Radiotelephony. A form of radiocommunication primarily intended for the exchange of information in the form of speech. 

Radiotelephony network. A group of radiotelephony aeronautical stations which operate on and guard frequencies from the same family and which support each other in a defined manner to ensure maximum dependability of air-ground communications and dissemination of air-ground traffic. 

Rated air traffic controller. An air traffic controller holding a licence and valid ratings appropriate to the privileges to be exercised. Rated output. For engine emissions purposes, the maximum power/thrust available for take-off under normal operating conditions at ISA sea level static conditions without the use of water injection as approved by the certificating authority. Thrust is expressed in kilonewtons. 

Rated maximum continuous augmented thrust, with respect to turbojet engine type certification, means the approved jet thrust that is developed statically or in flight, in standard atmosphere at a specified altitude, with fluid injection or with the burning of fuel in a separate combustion chamber, within the engine operating limitations established under Part 33 of this chapter, and approved for unrestricted periods of use. 

Rated maximum continuous power, with respect to reciprocating, turbopropeller, and turboshaft engines, means the approved brake horsepower that is developed statically or in flight, in standard atmosphere at a specified altitude, within the engine operating limitations established under Part 33, and approved for unrestricted periods of use. 

Rated maximum continuous thrust, with respect to turbojet engine type certification, means the approved jet thrust that is developed statically or in flight, in standard atmosphere at a specified altitude, without fluid injection and without the burning of fuel in a separate combustion chamber, within the engine operating limitations established under Part 33 of this chapter, and approved for unrestricted periods of use. 

Rated takeoff augmented thrust, with respect to turbojet engine type certification, means the approved jet thrust that is developed statically under standard sea level conditions, with fluid injection or with the burning of fuel in a separate combustion chamber, within the engine operating limitations established under Part 33 of this chapter, and limited in use to periods of not over 5 minutes for takeoff operation.
 

Rated takeoff power, with respect to reciprocating, turbopropeller, and turboshaft engine type certification, means the approved brake horsepower that is developed statically under standard sea level conditions, within the engine operating limitations established under Part 33, and limited in use to periods of not over 5 minutes for takeoff operation. 

Rated takeoff thrust, with respect to turbojet engine type certification, means the approved jet thrust that is developed statically under standard sea level conditions, without fluid injection and without the burning of fuel in a separate combustion chamber, within the engine operating limitations established under Part 33 of this chapter, and limited in use to periods of not over 5 minutes for takeoff operation. 

Rated 30 minute OEI power, with respect to rotorcraft turbine engines, means the approved brake horsepower developed under static conditions at specified altitudes and temperatures within the operating limitations established for the engine under Part 33 of this chapter, and limited in use to a period of not more than 30 minutes after the failure of one engine of a multiengine rotorcraft. 

Rated 30-second OEI power, with respect to rotorcraft turbine engines, means the approved brake horsepower developed under static conditions at specified altitudes and temperatures within the operating limitations established for the engine under part 33 of this chapter, for continued one-flight operation after the failure of one engine in multiengine rotorcraft, limited to three periods of use no longer than 30 seconds each in any one flight, and followed by mandatory inspection and prescribed maintenance action. 

Rated 2-minute OEI power, with respect to rotorcraft turbine engines, means the approved brake horsepower developed under static conditions at specified altitudes and temperatures within the operating limitations established for the engine under part 33 of this chapter, for continued one-flight operation after the failure of one engine in multiengine rotorcraft, limited to three periods of use no longer than 2 minutes each in any one flight, and followed by mandatory inspection and prescribed maintenance action. 

Rated 2 ½ minute OEI power, with respect to rotorcraft turbine engines, means the approved brake horsepower developed under static conditions at specified altitudes and temperatures within the operating limitations established for the engine under Part 33 of this chapter, and limited in use to a period of not more than 2 ½ minutes after the failure of one engine of a multiengine rotorcraft. 

Rated continuous OEI power, with respect to rotorcraft turbine engines, means the approved brake horsepower developed under static conditions at specified altitudes and temperatures within the operating limitations established for the engine under Part 33 of this chapter, and limited in use to the time required to complete the flight after the failure of one engine of a multiengine rotorcraft. 

Rating. An authorization entered on or associated with a licence and forming part thereof, stating special conditions, privileges or limitations pertaining to such licence or means a statement that, as a part of a certificate, sets forth special conditions, privileges, or limitations. 

Readback. A procedure whereby the receiving station repeats a received message or an appropriate part thereof back to the transmitting station so as to obtain confirmation of correct reception.
 

Reference landing speed means the speed of the airplane, in a specified landing configuration, at the point where it descends through the 50 foot height in the determination of the landing distance. 

Reference pressure ratio. The ratio of the mean total pressure at the last compressor discharge plane of the compressor to the mean total pressure at the compressor entry plane when the engine is developing take-off thrust rating in ISA sea level static conditions. 

Regular station. A station selected from those forming an en-route air-ground radiotelephony network to communicate with or to intercept communications from aircraft in normal conditions. 

Relief. The inequalities in elevation of the surface of the Earth represented on a aeronautical charts by contours, hypsometric tints, shading or spot elevations. 

Remote Area means an area of land considered hostile to survival, which lies beyond a specified radius from any known civilization, development or surface conveyance, through which refuge could reasonably be sought. Such radii is equal to 25 nautical miles in the case of mountainous or jungle areas, 50 nautical miles in the case of unoccupied land mass surrounded by water and in all other areas, 100 nautical miles. The Director may designate other areas as remote based upon unique consideration. 

Rendering (a licence) valid. The action taken by a Contracting State, as an alternative to issuing its own licence, in accepting a licence issued by any other Contracting State as the equivalent of its own licence. 

Rendering (a Certificate of Airworthiness) valid. The action taken by a Contracting State, as an alternative to issuing its own Certificate of Airworthiness, in accepting a Certificate of Airworthiness issued by any other Contracting State as the equivalent of its own Certificate of Airworthiness. 

Regional air navigation agreement. Agreement approved by the Council of ICAO normally on the advice of a regional air navigation meeting. 

Relief. The inequalities in elevation of the surface of the Earth represented on the aeronautical charts by contours, hypsometric tints, shading or spot elevations. 

RNAV way point (W/P) means a predetermined geographical position used for route or instrument approach definition or progress reporting purposes that is defined relative to a VORTAC station position. 

Required navigation performance (RNP). A statement of the navigation performance necessary for operation within a defined airspace. 

RNP type. A containment value expressed as a distance in nautical miles from the intended position within which flights would be for at least 95 per cent of the total flying time. Example. RNP 4 represents a navigation accuracy of plus or minus 7.4 km (4 NM) on a 95 per cent containment basis.
 

Repair. The restoration of an aeronautical product to an airworthy condition to ensure that the aircraft continues to comply with the design aspects of the appropriate airworthiness requirements used for the issuance of the type certificate for the respective aircraft type, after it has been damaged or subjected to wear. 

Repetitive flight plan (RPL). A flight plan related to a series of frequently recurring, regularly operated individual flights with identical basic features, submitted by an operator for retention and repetitive use by ATS units. 

Reporting point. A specified geographical location in relation to which the position of an aircraft can be reported. 

Requirements for quality. Expression of the needs or their translation into a set of quantitatively or qualitatively stated requirements for the characteristics of an entity to enable its realization and examination. 

Required Day Off. A period of time consisting of 24 consecutive hours, commencing at 0000 local time, in which a pilot, flight attendant or flight operations officer are free from all duties or contact by the company. A required day off is considered to be taken at a person’s residence and is exclusive of any travel time between that person’s residence, and the place where such person reports for, or is released from duty. 

Rescue. An operation to retrieve persons in distress, provide for their initial medical or other needs, and deliver them to a place of safety. 

Rescue coordination centre (RCC). A unit responsible for promoting efficient organization of search and rescue services and for coordinating the conduct of search and rescue operations within a search and rescue region. 

Rescue subcentre (RSC). A unit subordinate to a rescue coordination centre, established to complement the latter according to particular provisions of the responsible authorities. 

Resolution. A number of units or digits to which a measured or calculated value is expressed and used. 

Rest Period – The period of time during which a crewmember is released form all official duty or contact by the company. This period must exclude all time spent commuting by the most direct route, between the company designated rest facility and assigned duty station and, a specified period of prone rest with at least one additional hour provided for physiological needs. 

Restricted area. An airspace of defined dimensions, above the land areas or territorial waters of a State, within which the flight of aircraft is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions. 

Reversal procedure. A procedure designed to enable aircraft to reverse direction during the initial approach segment of an instrument approach procedure. The sequence may include procedure turns or base turns. 

Road. An established surface route on the movement area meant for the exclusive use of vehicles. 

Road-holding position. A designated position at which vehicles may be required to hold.
 

Rocket means an aircraft propelled by ejected expanding gases generated in the engine from self-contained propellants and not dependent on the intake of outside substances. It includes any part which becomes separated during the operation. 

Rotorcraft. A power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight by the reactions of the air on one or more rotors. 

Rotorcraft load combination means the combination of a rotorcraft and an external load, including the external load attaching means. Rotorcraft load combinations are designated as Class A, Class B, Class C, and Class D, as follows: 

(1) Class A rotorcraft load combination means one in which the external load 

     cannot move freely, cannot be jettisoned, and does not extend below the landing gear. 

(2) Class B rotorcraft load combination means one in which the external load is jettisonable 

      and is lifted free of land or water during the rotorcraft operation. 

(3) Class C rotorcraft load combination means one in which the external load is 

      jettisonable and remains in contact with land or water during the rotorcraft operation. 

(4) Class D rotorcraft load combination means one in which the external load is other than 

     a Class A, B, or C and has been specifically approved by the Administrator for that operation. 

Route segment means a part of a route. Each end of that part is identified by: 

(1) A continental or insular geographical location; or 

(2) A point at which a definite radio fix can be established. Or Route segment. 

     A route or portion of route usually flown without an intermediate stop. Route 

     segment is a portion of a route bounded on each end by a fix or navigation aid (NAVAID). 

Route stage. A route or portion of a route flown without an intermediate landing. 

Routing Directory. A list in a communication centre indicating for each addressee the outgoing circuit to be used. 

Runway. A defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft. 

Runway end safety area (RESA). An area symmetrical about the extended runway centre line and adjacent to the end of the strip primarily intended to reduce the risk of damage to an aeroplane undershooting or overrunning the runway. 

Runway guard lights. A light system intended to caution pilots or vehicle drivers that they are about to enter an active runway. 

Runway-holding position. A designated position intended to protect a runway, an obstacle limitation surface, or an ILS/MLS critical/sensitive area at which taxiing aircraft and vehicles shall stop and hold, unless otherwise authorized by the aerodrome control tower. 

Runway turn pad. A defined area on a land aerodrome adjacent to a runway for the purpose of completing a 180-degree turn on a runway.
 

Runway strip. A defined area including the runway and stopway, if provided, intended: 

a) to reduce the risk of damage to aircraft running off a runway; and 

b) to protect aircraft flying over it during take-off or landing operations. 

Runway visual range (RVR). The range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centre line of a runway can see the runway surface markings or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centre line.

Devenition And Abreviation Aeronautical Telecommunication (Alphabet O, P, Q)

Observation (meteorological). The evaluation of one or more meteorological elements. 

Obstacle. All fixed (whether temporary or permanent) and mobile objects, or parts thereof, that are located on an area intended for the surface movement of aircraft or that extend above a defined surface intended to protect aircraft in flight. 

Obstacle clearance altitude (OCA) or obstacle clearance height (OCH). The lowest altitude or the lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway threshold or the aerodrome elevation as applicable, used in establishing compliance with appropriate obstacle clearance criteria. 

Obstacle free zone (OFZ). The airspace above the inner approach surface, inner transitional surfaces, and balked landing surface and that portion of the strip bounded by these surfaces, which is not penetrated by any fixed obstacle other than a low-mass and frangibly mounted one required for air navigation purposes. 

Obstacle/terrain data collection surface. A defined surface intended for the purpose of collecting obstacle/terrain data. Offset frequency simplex. A variation of single channel simplex wherein telecommunication between two stations is effected by using in each direction frequencies that are intentionally slightly different but contained within a portion of the spectrum allotted for the operation. 

Ohm (Ω). The electric resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant difference of potential of 1 volt, applied between these two points, produces in this conductor a current of 1 ampere, this conductor not being the source of any electromotive force. 

Open systems interconnection (OSI) reference model. A model providing a standard approach to network design introducing modularity by dividing the complex set of functions into seven more manageable, self-contained, functional layers. By convention these are usually depicted as a vertical stack. 

Open Water. Means a water mass which does not have any landmasses within the maximum times or distances prescribed by a regulation. 

Operate, with respect to aircraft, means use, cause to use or authorize to use aircraft, for the purpose (except as provided in 91.13 of this chapter) of air navigation including the piloting of aircraft, with or without the right of legal control (as owner, lessee, or otherwise). 

Operator means a person, organization or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in an aircraft operation. 

Operational control. The exercise of authority over the initiation, continuation, diversion or termination of a flight in the interest of the safety of the aircraft and the regularity and efficiency of the flight. 

Operational control communications. Communications required for the exercise of authority over the initiation, continuation, diversion or termination of a flight in the interest of the safety of the aircraft and the regularity and efficiency of a flight.

Operational Control System (OCS). Means an air carrier’s system for the exercise of authority over the formulation, execution and amendment of an operational flight plan in respect of a flight or series of flights. 

Operational flight plan. The operators plan for the safe conduct of the flight based on considerations of aeroplane performance, other operating limitations and relevant expected conditions on the route to be followed and at the aerodromes concerned Operator’s maintenance control manual. A document which describes the operator’s procedures necessary to ensure that all scheduled and unscheduled maintenance is performed on the operator’s aircraft on time and in a controlled and satisfactory manner. 

Operations manual. A manual containing procedures, instructions and guidance for use by operational personnel in the execution of their duties. 

Operational planning. The planning of flight operations by an operator.  

Operation Specifications (OPSPEC) means the data approved by DGCA attached to the certificate of organization approval, include operation limitation of the organization. 

Ornithopter. A heaver-than-air aircraft supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on planes to which a flapping motion is imparted. 

Orthometric height. Height of a point related to the geoid, generally presented as an MSL elevation.
Overseas air commerce --- Reserve.
 

Overseas air transportation means the carriage by aircraft of persons or property as a common carrier for compensation or hire, or the carriage of mail by aircraft. Over the top means above the layer of clouds or other obscuring phenomena forming the ceiling. 

Oxides of nitrogen. The sum of the amounts of the nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide contained in a gas sample calculated as if the nitric oxide were in the form of nitrogen dioxide.
 

Packet. The basic unit of data transfer among communications devices within the network layer. 

Packet layer protocol (PLP). A protocol to establish and maintain a connection between peer level entities at the network layer, and to transfer data packets between them. In the context of this standard, the term refers to the protocol defined by the ISO 8208 standard used in this document. 

Package. The complete product of the packing operation consisting of the packaging and its contents prepared for transport. 

Packaging. Receptacles and any other components or materials necessary for the receptacle to perform its containment function. 

Parachute means a device used or intended to be used to retard the fall of a body or object through the air. Pascal (Pa). The pressure or stress of 1 newton per square metre. 

Passenger. Any person on board an aircraft during flight time, who is not acting as a crewmember. 

Passenger aircraft. An aircraft that carries any person other than a crew member, an operator’s employee in an official capacity, an authorized representative of an appropriate national authority or a person accompanying a consignment or other cargo. 

Performance Class 1 helicopter. A helicopter with performance such that, in case of critical power-unit failure, it is able to land on the rejected take-off area or safely continue the flight to an appropriate landing area, depending on when the failure occurs.

Performance Class 2 helicopter. A helicopter with performance such that, in case of critical power-unit failure, it is able to safely continue the flight, except when the failure occurs prior to a defined point after take-off or after a defined point before landing, in which cases a forced landing may be required. 

Performance Class 3 helicopter. A helicopter with performance such that, in case of power-unit failure at any point in the flight profile, a forced landing must be performed. 

Performance management. An ATN systems management facility to monitor and evaluate the performance of the systems. 

Person means an individual, firm, partnership, corporation, company, association, joint-stock association, or governmental entity. It includes a trustee, receiver, assignee, or similar representative of any of them. 

Person In respect of an air carrier, means any person who is an owner, or operator of an aircraft listed on that air carrier’s operations specifications or, is otherwise acting as an employee or agent of that air carrier. 

Pilot (to). To manipulate the flight controls of an aircraft during flight time. 

Pilot-in-command. The pilot designated by the operator, or in the case of general aviation, the owner, as being in command and charged with the safe conduct of a flight or the person who: A pilot assigned to act as the Captain of an aircraft.
(1) Has final authority and responsibility for the operation and safety of the flight;
(2) Has been designated as pilot in command before or during the flight; and 

(3) Holds the appropriate category, class, and type rating, if appropriate, for the conduct 

     of the flight. Pilotage means navigation by visual reference to landmarks. 

Pilot Flying (PF). The flight crewmember who is manipulating the flight controls of an aircraft during flight time. 

Pilot Not Flying (PNF). The pilot who is performing tasks during flight time, in support of the pilot flying. 

Pilot Proficiency Check (PPC). A flight check performed in whole or in part, in an aeroplane type simulator or an aircraft. Conducted by a GCP, CCP, or DGCP for the purpose of establishing the level of proficiency, of a flight crewmember. 

Pilot Self-dispatch means a system where authority and responsibility for flight release, operation and flight following have been delegated solely to the PIC. 

Pitch setting means the propeller blade setting as determined by the blade angle measured in a manner, and at a radius, specified by the instruction manual for the propeller. 

Point light. A luminous signal appearing without perceptible length. 

Point-to-point. Pertaining or relating to the interconnection of two devices, particularly end-user instruments. A communication path of service intended to connect two discrete end-users; as distinguished from broadcast or multipoint service. 

Portrayal. Presentation of information to humans (ISO 19117*). 

Position (geographical). Set of coordinates (latitude and longitude) referenced to the mathematical reference ellipsoid which define the position of a point on the surface of the Earth. 

Post spacing. Angular or linear distance between two adjacent elevation points. 

Positive control means control of all air traffic, within designated airspace, by air traffic control. 

Power-unit. A system of one or more engines and ancillary parts which are together necessary to provide thrust, inde- pendently of the continued operation of any other power-unit(s), but not including short period thrust-producing devices. 

Powered-lift means a heavier-than-air aircraft capable of vertical takeoff, vertical landing, and low speed flight that depends principally on engine-driven lift devices or engine thrust for lift during these flight regimes and on nonrotating airfoil(s) for lift during horizontal flight.

Precision. The smallest difference that can be reliably distinguished by a measurement process. Precision approach runway, see Instrument runway.
 

Precision approach procedure. An instrument approach procedure utilizing azimuth and glide path information provided by ILS or PAR.
 

Pre-flight information bulletin (PIB). A presentation of current NOTAM information of operational significance, prepared prior to flight. 

Preliminary Report. The communication used for the prompt dissemination of data obtained during the early stages of the investigation. 

Pressure-altitude. An atmospheric pressure expressed in terms of altitude which corresponds to that pressure in the Standard Atmosphere. 

Prevailing visibility. The visibility value, observed in accordance with the definition of “visibility”, which is reached or exceeded within at least half the horizon circle or within at least half of the surface of the aerodrome. These areas could comprise contiguous or non-contiguous sectors. 

Preventive maintenance means simple or minor preservation operations and the replacement of small standard parts not involving complex assembly operations. 

Primary means of communication. The means of communication to be adopted normally by aircraft and ground stations as a first choice where alternative means of communication exist. 

Primary runway(s). Runway(s) used in preference to others whenever conditions permit. 

Printed communications. Communications which automati-cally provide a permanent printed record at each terminal of a circuit of all messages which pass over such circuit.

Problematic use of substances. The use of one or more psychoactive substances by aviation personnel in a way that: 

a) constitutes a direct hazard to the user or endangers the lives, health or welfare of others; and/or 

b) causes or worsens an occupational, social, mental or physical problem or disorder. 

Procedure altitude/height. A specified altitude/height flown operationally at or above the minimum altitude/height and established to accommodate a stabilized descent at a prescribed descent gradient/angle in the intermediate/final approach segment. 

Procedure turn. A manoeuvre in which a turn is made away from a designated track followed by a turn in the opposite direction to permit the aircraft to intercept and proceed along the reciprocal of the designated track.

Product : 

(1) A Class I product is a complete aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller, which - (i) Has 

     been type certificated in accordance with this Decree and for which DGCA Approved 

     Specifications or type certificate data sheets have been issued; or (ii) Is identical to a type 

     certificated product specified in paragraph(b)(1)(i) of this section in all respects except as

     is otherwise acceptable to the civil aviation authority of the importing state.
(2) A Class II product is a major component of a Class I product(e.g., wings, fuselages, 

     empennage assemblies, landing gears, power transmissions, control surfaces, etc), the failure 

     of which would jeopardize the safety of a Class I product; or any part, material, or appliance,

     approved and manufactured under the TSO system in the "C" series. 

(3) A Class III product is any part or component which is not a Class I or Class II 

     product and includes standard parts. 

Production Certificate (PC) means A document issued by a DGCA to the aircraft manufacture, which have been meet the appropriate Airworthiness requirements related organization and the production facilities. 

Prohibited area. An airspace of defined dimensions, above the land areas or territorial waters of a State, within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited. 

a) requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours, commencing within seven days 

    from the date the injury was received; or 

b) results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fractures of fingers, toes or nose); or 

c) involves lacerations which cause severe haemorrhage, nerve, muscle or tendon damage; or 

d) involves injury to any internal organ; or 

e) involves second or third degree burns, or any burns affecting more than 5 per cent 

    of the body surface; or f) involves verified exposure to infectious substances or injurious radiation. 

Prognostic chart. A forecast of a specified meteorological element(s) for a specified time or period and a specified surface or portion of airspace, depicted graphically on a chart. 

Propeller means a device for propelling an aircraft that has blades on an engine driven shaft and that, when rotated, produces by its action on the air, a thrust approximately perpendicular to its plane of rotation. It includes control components normally supplied by its manufacturer, but does not include main and auxiliary rotors or rotating airfoils of engines. 

Protected flight zones. Airspace specifically designated to mitigate the hazardous effects of laser radiation. 

Protected service volume. A part of the facility coverage where the facility provides a particular service in accordance with relevant SARPs and within which the facility is afforded frequency protection. 

Psychoactive substances. Alcohol, opioids, cannabinoids, sedatives and hypnotics, cocaine, other psychostimulants, hallucinogens, and volatile solvents, whereas coffee and tobacco are excluded.

Quality. Totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs. 

Quality assurance. All the planned and systematic activities implemented within the quality system, and demonstrated as needed, to provide adequate confidence that an entity will fulfil requirements for quality. 

Quality control. The operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfil requirements for quality. 

Quality management. All activities of the overall management function that determine the quality policy, objectives and responsibilities, and implementing them by means such as quality planning, quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement within the quality system. 

Quality system. The organizational structure, procedures, processes and resources needed to implement quality management.

Devenition And Abreviation Aeronautical Telecommunication (Alphabet L, M, N)

Landing area. That part of a movement area intended for the landing or take-off of aircraft. 

Landing decision point (LDP). The point used in determining landing performance from which, a power-unit failure occurring at this point, the landing may be safely continued or a balked landing initiated. 

Landing gear extended speed means the maximum speed at which an aircraft can be safely flown with the landing gear extended. 

Landing surface. That part of the surface of an aerodrome which the aerodrome authority has declared available for the normal ground or water run of aircraft landing in a particular direction. 

Landing direction indicator. A device to indicate visually the direction currently designated for landing and for take-off. 

Laser-beam critical flight zone (LCFZ). Airspace in the proximity of an aerodrome but beyond the LFFZ where the irradiance is restricted to a level unlikely to cause glare effects. 

Laser-beam free flight zone (LFFZ). Airspace in the immediate proximity to the aerodrome where the irradiance is restricted to a level unlikely to cause any visual disruption. 

Laser-beam sensitive flight zone (LSFZ). Airspace outside, and not necessarily contiguous with, the LFFZ and LCFZ where the irradiance is restricted to a level unlikely to cause flash-blindness or after-image effects. 

Large aircraft means any aircraft having a maximum certified take-off weight (MTOW) of greater than 5700 kg (12500 pounds). 

Level. A generic term relating to the vertical position of an aircraft in flight and meaning variously, height, altitude or flight level. 

Lighting system reliability. The probability that the complete installation operates within the specified tolerances and that the system is operationally usable. 

Limit loads. The maximum loads assumed to occur in the anticipated operating conditions. 

Licence. A document issued by, or under a delegation of authority from the Director, which authorizes the holder to exercise certain privileges as specified in that license, subject to the conditions and limitations contained therein. A basic certificate is equivalent to a licence without ratings and is issued by the DGCA to persons who meet the age, knowledge, skill and experience requirements of CASR Part 65. A certificate of maintenance approval is equivalent to a licence, but the group or type ratings may be limited in respect of validity and scope. A licence is the document described in Annex 1, Chapter 4, paragraph 4.2.
A group rating is a rating covering a group of aircraft or components. Groups of aircraft or components shall be as determined by the DGCA. A type rating is a rating for a specified individual aircraft or component. A group or type rating, when added to a basic certificate, is a licence. The scope of a group or type rating defines the range of aircraft or components for which the rating is valid. The scope of a licence rating is fixed. The scope of a rating on a certificate of maintenance approval may be limited as the DGCA decides. A workshop engineer, is a person who holds a licence rating or a certificate of maintenance approval granting privileges for the certification of specified aircraft or components after overhaul or repair. 

Licensing Authority. The Authority designated by a Contracting State as responsible for the licensing of personnel. 

Lighter-than-air aircraft means aircraft that can rise and remain suspended by using contained gas weighing less than the air that is displaced by the gas. 

Litre (L). A unit of volume restricted to the measurement of liquids and gases which is equal to 1 cubic decimetre. 

Load factor means the ratio of a specified load to the total weight of the aircraft. The specified load is expressed in terms of any of the following: aerodynamic forces, inertia forces, or ground or water reactions. 

Long-range communication system (LRCS). A system that uses satellite relay, data link, high frequency, or another approved communication system which extends beyond line of sight. 

Long-range navigation system (LRNS). An electronic navigation unit that is approved for use under instrument flight rules as a primary means of navigation, and has at least one source of navigational input, such as inertial navigation system, global positioning system, Omega/very low frequency, or Loran C. 

Lumen (lm). The luminous flux emitted in a solid angle of 1 steradian by a point source having a uniform intensity of 1 candela. 

Lux (lx). The illuminance produced by a luminous flux of 1 lumen uniformly distributed over a surface of 1 square metre.
 

Mach number means the ratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound. 

Magnetic variation. The angular difference between True North and Magnetic North. 

Main rotor means the rotor that supplies the principal lift to a rotorcraft.

Maintenance. The performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft, including any one or combination of overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect rectification, and the embodiment of a modification or repair. 

Maintenance organization’s procedures manual. A document endorsed by the head of the maintenance organization which details the maintenance organization’s structure and management responsibilities, scope of work, description of facilities, maintenance procedures and quality assurance or inspection systems. 

Maintenance program mean a document which describes the specific scheduled maintenance tasks and their frequency of completion and related procedures, such as a reliability program, necessary for the safe operation of those aircraft to which it applies. 

Maintenance release mean a document which contains a certification conforming that the maintenance work to which it relates has been completed in a satisfactory manner, either in accordance with the approved data and the procedure described in maintenance organizations procedures manual or under an equivalent system. 

Major alteration means an alteration not listed in the aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller specifications - 

(1) That might appreciably affect weight, balance, structural strength, performance, 

      powerplant operation, flight characteristics, or other qualities affecting airworthiness; or 

(2) That is not done according to accepted practices or cannot be done by elementary operations.
 

Major repair means a repair: 

(1) That, if improperly done, might appreciably affect weight, balance, structural 

     strength, performance, powerplant operation, flight characteristics, or other 

     qualities affecting airworthiness; or 

(2) That is not done according to accepted practices or cannot be done by elementary operations. 

Manifold pressure means absolute pressure as measured at the appropriate point in the induction system and usually expressed in inches of mercury. 

Manoeuvring area. That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, excluding aprons. 

Marking. A symbol or group of symbols displayed on the surface of the movement area in order to convey aeronautical information. 

Marker. An object displayed above ground level in order to indicate an obstacle or delineate a boundary. 

Master minimum equipment list (MMEL) means a list established for a particular aircraft type by the organization responsible for the type design with the approval of the state of Design containing items, one or more of which is permitted to be unserviceable at the commencement of flight. The MMEL may be associated with special operating condition, limitations or procedures. 

Maximum mass. Maximum certificated take-off mass.
 

Maximum speed for stability characteristics, VFC/MFC means a speed that may not be less than a speed midway between maximum operating limit speed (VMO/MMO) and demonstrated flight diving speed (VDF/MDF), except that, for altitudes where the Mach number is the limiting factor, MFC need not exceed the Mach number at which effective speed warning occurs. 

Mean power (of a radio transmitter). The average power supplied to the antenna transmission line by a transmitter during an interval of time sufficiently long compared with the lowest frequency encountered in the modulation taken under normal operating conditions. 

Medical Assessment. The evidence issued by a Contracting State that the licence holder meets specific requirements of medical fitness. It is issued following an evaluation by the Licensing Authority of the report submitted by the designated medical examiner who conducted the examination of the applicant for the licence. 

Medical certificate means acceptable evidence of physical fitness on a form prescribed by the DGCA.. 

Metadata. Data about data (ISO 19115). 

METAR application. A FIS application that supports the D-METAR. 

Meteorological authority. The authority providing or arranging for the provision of meteorological service for international air navigation on behalf of a Contracting State. 

Meteorological bulletin. A text comprising meteorological information preceded by an appropriate heading. 

Meteorological information. Meteorological report, analysis, forecast, and any other statement relating to existing or expected meteorological conditions. 

Meteorological office. An office designated to provide meteorological service for international air navigation. 

Meteorological operational channel. A channel of the aeronautical fixed service (AFS), for the exchange of aeronautical meteorological information. 

Meteorological operational telecommunication network. An integrated system of meteorological operational channels, as part of the aeronautical fixed service (AFS), for the exchange of aeronautical meteorological information between the aeronautical fixed stations within the network. 

Meteorological report. A statement of observed meteorological conditions related to a specified time and location. 

Meteorological satellite. An artificial Earth satellite making meteorological observations and transmitting these observations to Earth. 

Metre (m). The distance travelled by light in a vacuum during 1/299 792 458 of a second. 

Military operations area. A military operations area (MOA) is airspace established outside Class A airspace to separate or segregate certain nonhazardous military activities from IFR Traffic and to identify for VFR traffic where these activities are conducted.
 

Minimum descent altitude (MDA) or minimum descent height (MDH) means the lowest altitude, expressed in feet above mean sea level, to which descent is authorized on final approach or during circle to land maneuvering in execution of a standard instrument approach procedure, where no electronic glide slope is provided. 

Minimum equipment list (MEL). A list which provides for the operation of aircraft, subject to specified conditions, with particular equipment inoperative, prepared by an operator in conformity with, or more restrictive than, the MMEL established for the aircraft type. 

Minimum sector altitude. The lowest altitude which may be used which will provide a minimum clearance of 300 m (1 000 ft) above all objects located in the area contained within a sector of a circle of 46 km (25 NM) radius centred on a radio aid to navigation. 

Minor alteration means an alteration other than a major alteration. 

Minor repair means a repair other than a major repair. 

Missed approach point (MAPt). That point in an instrument approach procedure at or before which the prescribed missed approach procedure must be initiated in order to ensure that the minimum obstacle clearance is not infringed. 

Missed approach procedure. The procedure to be followed if the approach cannot be continued. 

Mobile surface station. A station in the aeronautical telecommunication service, other than an aircraft station, intended to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points. 

Mode S subnetwork. A means of performing an interchange of digital data through the use of secondary surveillance radar (SSR) Mode S interrogators and transponders in accordance with defined protocols. 

Mole (mol). The amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon-12. 

Movement area. That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the manoeuvring area and the apron(s). 

Multi-Landing Operation – Any helicopter operation where a pilot performs 30 take-off and landings within a 24 hour period.
 

Nautical mile (NM). The length equal to 1 852 metres exactly. Navigable airspace means airspace at and above the minimum flight altitudes prescribed by or under this chapter, including airspace needed for safe takeoff and landing. 

Near-parallel runways. Non-intersecting runways whose extended centre lines have an angle of convergence/divergence of 15 degrees or less. 

Net Take-off Path. Means the one-engine-inoperative flight path that starts at a height of 35 feet at the end of the take-off distance required and extends to a height of at least 1500 feet AGL, reduced at each point by a gradient of climb equal to 0.8 per cent for two-engine aeroplanes, 0.9 per cent for three-engine aeroplanes and 1.0 percent for four-engine aeroplanes. 

Network station. An aeronautical station forming part of a radiotelephony network. 

Newton (N). The force which when applied to a body having a mass of 1 kilogram gives it an acceleration of 1 metre per second squared. 

Next data authority. The ground system so designated by the current data authority through which an onward transfer of communications and control can take place. 

Night. The hours between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight or such other period between sunset and sunrise, as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority. 

Non-instrument runway. A runway intended for the operation of aircraft using visual approach procedures. 

Non precision approach procedure means a standard instrument approach procedure in which no electronic glide slope is provided. 

Non-network communications. Radiotelephony communications conducted by a station of the aeronautical mobile service, other than those conducted as part of a radiotelephony network. 

Normal flight zone (NFZ). Airspace not defined as LFFZ, LCFZ or LSFZ but which must be protected from laser radiation capable of causing biological damage to the eye. 

NOTAM. A notice distributed by means of telecommunication containing information concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned with flight operations.

Devenition And Abreviation Aeronautical Telecommunication (Alphabet I,J,K)

Idle thrust means the jet thrust obtained with the engine power control level set at the stop for the least thrust position at which it can be placed. 

Identification marks of an aircraft, registered aircraft consist of a nationality marks and registration mark (example, PK-XXX). The nationality shall precede the registration marks and shall be separated from it by a hyphen. 

Identification beacon. An aeronautical beacon emitting a coded signal by means of which a particular point of reference can be identified. 

IFR. The symbol used to designate the instrument flight rules. 

IFR flight. A flight conducted in accordance with the instrument flight rules. 

IMC. The symbol used to designate instrument meteorological conditions. 

IFR conditions means weather conditions below the minimum for flight under visual flight rules. 

IFR over the top, with respect to the operation of aircraft, means the operation of an aircraft over the top on an IFR flight plan when cleared by air traffic control to maintain “VFR conditions” or “VFR conditions on top”. 

Incident. An occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft which affects or could affect the safety of operation. 

Incompatible. Describing dangerous goods which, if mixed, would be liable to cause a dangerous evolution of heat or gas or produce a corrosive substance.  

Independent parallel approaches. Simultaneous approaches to parallel or near-parallel instrument runways where radar separation minima between aircraft on adjacent extended runway centre lines are not prescribed. 

Independent parallel departures. Simultaneous departures from parallel or near-parallel instrument runways. 

Indicated airspeed means the speed of an aircraft as shown on its pitot static airspeed indicator calibrated to reflect standard atmosphere adiabatic compressible flow at sea level uncorrected for airspeed system errors Indonesia aircraft means an aircraft registered and bearing Indonesian nationality and registration marks. 

Indonesian Armed Forces Aircraft means a state used officially by the Armed Forced of the Republic of Indonesia Initial approach segment. That segment of an instrument approach procedure between the initial approach fix and the intermediate approach fix or, where applicable, the final approach fix or point. 

Instrument means a device using an internal mechanism to show visually or aurally the attitude, altitude, or operation of an aircraft or aircraft part. It includes electronic devices for automatically controlling an aircraft in flight.
 

Instrument approach procedure. A series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments with specified protection from obstacles from the initial approach fix, or where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route to a point from which a landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position at which holding or en-route obstacle clearance criteria apply. 

Instrument flight time. Time during which a pilot is piloting an aircraft solely by reference to instruments and without external reference points. 

Instrument ground time. Time during which a pilot is practising, on the ground, simulated instrument flight in a synthetic flight trainer approved by the Licensing Authority. 

Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) means meteorological conditions expressed in term of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, less than the minimum specified for visual meteorological conditions. 

Instrument runway. One of the following types of runways intended for the operation of aircraft using instrument approach procedures: 

a) Non-precision approach runway. An instrument runway served by visual aids and

    a non-visual aid providing at least directional guidance adequate for a straight-in approach. 

b) Precision approach runway, category I. An instrument runway served by ILS and/or 

    MLS and visual aids intended for operations with a decision height not lower than 60 m 

    (200 ft) and either a visibility not less than 800 m or a runway visual range not less than 550 m. 

c) Precision approach runway, category II. An instrument runway served by ILS and/or 

    MLS and visual aids intended for operations with a decision height lower than 60 m (200 ft) 

    but not lower than 30 m (100 ft) and a runway visual range not less than 350 m. 

d) Precision approach runway, category III. An instrument runway served by ILS and/or MLS 

    to and along the surface of the runway and: A - intended for operations with a decision height 

    lower than 30 m (100 ft), or no decision height and a runway visual range not less than 200 m.

    B - intended for operations with a decision height lower than 15 m (50 ft), or no decision height

    and a runway visual range less than 200 m but not less than 50 m. C - intended for operations 

    with no decision height and no runway visual range limitations. 

Instrument time. Instrument flight time or instrument ground time. 

Integrity (aeronautical data). A degree of assurance that an aeronautical data and its value has not been lost nor altered since the data origination or authorized amendment. 

International operating agency. An agency of the kind contemplated in Article 77 of the Convention.
 

Inter-centre communications (ICC). ICC is data communication between ATS units to support ATS, such as notification, coordination, transfer of control, flight planning, airspace management and air traffic flow management. 

Intermediate system (IS). A system which performs relaying and routing functions and comprises the lowest three layers of the OSI reference model. 

Internet communications service. The internet communications service is an internetwork architecture which allows ground, air-to-ground and avionics data subnetworks to interoperate by adopting common interface services and protocols based on the ISO/OSI reference model. 

Interpilot air-to-air communication. Two-way communication on the designated air-to-air channel to enable aircraft engaged in flights over remote and oceanic areas out of range of VHF ground stations to exchange necessary operational information and to facilitate the resolution of operational problems. 

Integrated Aeronautical Information Package. A package which consists of the following elements:
• AIP, including amendment service;
• Supplements to the AIP;
• NOTAM and PIB;
• AIC; and
• checklists and lists of valid NOTAM.
 

Integrity (aeronautical data). A degree of assurance that an aeronautical data and its value has not been lost nor altered since the data origination or authorized amendment. 

International airport. Any airport designated by the Contracting State in whose territory it is situated as an airport of entry and departure for international air traffic, where the formalities incident to customs, immigration, public health, animal and plant quarantine and similar procedures are carried out. 

International NOTAM office (NOF). An office designated by a State for the exchange of NOTAM internationally. 

Intermediate approach segment. That segment of an instrument approach procedure between either the intermediate approach fix and the final approach fix or point, or between the end of a reversal, racetrack or dead reckoning track procedure and the final approach fix or point, as appropriate. 

Investigation. A process conducted for the purpose of accident prevention which includes the gathering and analysis of information, the drawing of conclusions, including the determination of causes and, when appropriate, the making of safety recommendations. 

Investigator-in-charge. A person charged, on the basis of his or her qualifications, with the responsibility for the organization, conduct and control of an investigation.
 

Isogonal. A line on a map or chart on which all points have the same magnetic variation for a specified epoch. 

Isogriv. A line on a map or chart which joins points of equal angular difference between the North of the navigation grid and Magnetic North.
 

Joule (J). The work done when the point of application of a force of 1 newton is displaced a distance of 1 metre in the direction of the force.
 

Kelvin (K). A unit of thermodynamic temperature which is the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water.  

Kilogram (kg). The unit of mass equal to the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram. 

Kite means a framework, covered with paper, cloth, metal, or other material, intended to be flown at the end of a rope or cable, and having as its only support the force of the wind moving past its surfaces. 

Knot (kt). The speed equal to 1 nautical mile per hour.