Devenition And Abreviation Aeronautical Telecommunication (Alphabet H)

Hazard beacon. An aeronautical beacon used to designate a danger to air navigation. 

He or She (unless specified), taken in context with that section. 

His or Hers (unless specified), taken in context with that section. 

Heaver-than-air. Any aircraft deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic forces. 

Heading. The direction in which the longitudinal axis of an aircraft is pointed, usually expressed in degrees from North (true, magnetic, compass or grid). 

Height. The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point, measured from a specified datum. 

Helicopter means a rotorcraft that, for its horizontal motion, depends principally on its engine driven rotors or an aircraft which is heavier than air, capable of flying with rotary wings, and travels by its own power. 

Helicopter clearway. A defined area on the ground or water under the control of the appropriate authority, selected and/or prepared as a suitable area over which a performance class 1 helicopter may accelerate and achieve a specific height. 

Helicopter ground taxiway. A ground taxiway for use by helicopters only.  

Helicopter stand. An aircraft stand which provides for parking a helicopter and, where air taxiing operations are contemplated, the helicopter touchdown and lift-off. 

Helideck. A heliport located on a floating or fixed off-shore structure. 

Heliport means :
(1) An area of land, water, or structure used or intended to be used for the landing 

     and takeoff of helicopters.
(2) An aerodrome or a defined area on a structure intended to be used wholly or in part for

     the arrival, departure and surface movement of helicopters.
 

Heliport operating minima. The limits of usability of a heliport for: 

a) take-off, expressed in terms of runway visual range and/or visibility and, if necessary, 

    cloud conditions; 

b) landing in precision approach and landing operations, expressed in terms of visibility and/or 

    runway visual range and decision altitude/height (DA/H) as appro-priate to the 

    category of the operation; 

c) landing in approach and landing operations with vertical guidance, expressed in terms 

    of visibility and/or runway visual range and decision altitude/height (DA/H); and 

d) landing in non-precision approach and landing operations, expressed in terms of visibility

    and/or runway visual range, minimum descent altitude/height (MDA/H) and, if necessary, 

    cloud conditions. 

Henry (H). The inductance of a closed circuit in which an electromotive force of 1 volt is produced when the electric current in the circuit varies uniformly at a rate of1 ampere per second.
 

Hertz (Hz). The frequency of a periodic phenomenon of which the period is 1 second. 

Holding bay. A defined area where aircraft can be held, or bypassed, to facilitate efficient surface movement of aircraft. 

Holding procedure. A predetermined manoeuvre which keeps an aircraft within a specified airspace while awaiting further clearance. 

Holdover time. The estimated time the anti-icing fluid (treatment) will prevent the formation of ice and frost and the accumulation of snow on the protected (treated) surfaces of an aeroplane. 

Hovering is a maneuver in which the helicopter is maintained in nearly motionless flight over a reference point at a constant altitude and on a constant heading. The maneuver requires a high degree of concentration and coordination. 

Hovering autorotation means the maneuver is used to land from a hover without using the engine. This would normally occur because the engine or tail rotor failed. Hovering autorotation is really a misnomer, because the helicopter actually never enters autorotation. Instead, the inertia of the spinning rotor system is used to produce thrust. 

Human performance. Human capabilities and limitations which have an impact on the safety and efficiency of aeronautical operations. 

Human Factors principles. Principles which apply to aeronautical design, certification, training, operations and maintenance and which seek safe interface between the human and other system components by proper consideration to human performance. 

Hypsometric tints. A succession of shades or colour gradations used to depict ranges of elevation.

Devenition And Abreviation Aeronautical Telecommunication (Alphabet G)

GAMET area forecast. An area forecast in abbreviated plain language for low-level flights for a flight information region or sub-area thereof, prepared by the meteorological office designated by the meteorological authority concerned and exchanged with meteorological offices in adjacent flight information regions, as agreed between the meteorological authorities concerned. 

Gain-to-noise temperature ratio. The ratio, usually expressed in dB/K, of the antenna gain to the noise at the receiver output of the antenna subsystem. The noise is expressed as the temperature that a 1 ohm resistor must be raised to produce the same noise power density. 

Geodesic distance. The shortest distance between any two points on a mathematically defined ellipsoidal surface. 

Geodetic datum. A minimum set of parameters required to define location and orientation of the local reference system with respect to the global reference system/frame. 

Geoid. The equipotential surface in the gravity field of the Earth which coincides with the undisturbed mean sea level (MSL) extended continuously through the continents. 

Geoid undulation. The distance of the geoid above (positive) or below (negative) the mathematical reference ellipsoid. 

General aviation operation. An aircraft operation other than a commercial air transport operation or an aerial work operation. 

Glide path. A descent profile determined for vertical guidance during a final approach. 

Glider. A non-power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given conditions of flight. 

Glider flight time. The total time occupied in flight, whether being towed or not, from the moment the glider first moves for the purpose of taking off until the moment it comes to rest at the end of the flight. 

Go-around power or thrust setting means the maximum allowable in-flight power or thrust setting identified in the performance data. 

Government Check Pilot (GCP). A DGCA inspector authorized to perform flight checks. Gray (Gy). The energy imparted by ionizing radiation to a mass of matter corresponding to 1 joule per kilogram. 

Gregorian calendar. Calendar in general use; first introduced in 1582 to define a year that more closely approximates the tropical year than the Julian calendar. 

Grid point data in digital form. Computer processed meteorological data for a set of regularly spaced points on a chart, for transmission from a meteorological computer to another computer in a code form suitable for automated use.
 

Ground earth station (GES). An earth station in the fixed satellite service, or, in some cases, in the aeronautical mobile-satellite service, located at a specified fixed point on land to provide a feeder link for the aeronautical mobile-satellite service. 

Ground handling. Services necessary for an aircraft’s arrival at, and departure from, an airport, other than air traffic services. 

Ground-to-air communication. One-way communication from stations or locations on the surface of the earth to aircraft. 

Ground visibility. The visibility at an aerodrome, as reported by an accredited observer. 

Gyrodyne means a rotorcraft whose rotors are normally engine driven for takeoff, hovering, and landing, and for forward flight through part of its speed range, and whose means of propulsion, consisting usually of conventional propellers, is independent of the rotor system. 

Gyroplane means: 

(1) A heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight by the reactions of the air on one or more 

     rotors which rotate freely on substantially vertical axes. 

(2) a rotorcraft whose rotors are not engine driven, except for initial starting, but are made to 

     rotate by action of the air when the rotorcraft is moving; and whose means of propulsion, 

     consisting usually of conventional propellers, is independent of the rotor system.

Devenition And Abreviation Aeronautical Telecommunication (Alphabet F)

Factor of safety. A design factor used to provide for the possibility of loads greater than those assumed, and for uncertainties in design and fabrication (ref. CASR Part 23; 25; 27; 29 used factor safety 1.5). 

Farad (F). The capacitance of a capacitor between the plates of which there appears a difference of potential of 1 volt when it is charged by a quantity of electricity equal to 1 coulomb. 

Fan marker beacon. A type of radio beacon, the emissions of which radiate in a vertical fan-shaped pattern. 

Fault management. An ATN systems management facility to detect, isolate and correct problems. 

Feature. Abstraction of real world phenomena. 

Feature attribute. Characteristic of a feature. Feature operation. Operation that every instance of a feature type may perform. 

Feature relationship. Relationship that links instances of one feature type with instances of the same or a different feature type. 

Feature type. Class of real world phenomena with common properties. 

Final takeoff speed means the speed of the airplane that exists at the end of the takeoff path in the en route configuration with one engine inoperative. 

Final approach. That part of an instrument approach procedure which commences at the specified final approach fix or point, or where such a fix or point is not specified, 

a) at the end of the last procedure turn, base turn or inbound turn of a racetrack 

    procedure, if specified; or 

b) at the point of interception of the last track specified in the approach procedure; and

    ends at a point in the vicinity of an aerodrome from which: 

1) a landing can be made; or 

2) a missed approach procedure is initiated. 

Final approach and take-off area (FATO). A defined area over which the final phase of the approach manoeuvre to hover or landing is completed and from which the take-off manoeuvre is commenced. Where the FATO is to be used by performance Class 1 helicopters, the defined area includes the rejected take-off area available. 

Final approach fix or point. That fix or point of an instrument approach procedure where the final approach segment commences. 

Final approach segment. That segment of an instrument approach procedure in which alignment and descent for landing are accomplished.

Fireproof
(1) With respect to materials and parts used to confine fire in a designated fire zone, 

     means the capacity to withstand at least as well as steel in dimensions appropriate for the

     purpose for which they are used, the heat produced when there is a severe fire of extended 

     duration in that zone; and 

(2) With respect to other materials and parts, means the capacity to withstand the heat associated 

     with fire at least as well as steel in dimensions appropriate for the purpose for which 

     they are used. 

Fireproof material. A material capable of withstanding heat as well as or better than steel when the dimensions in both cases are appropriate for the specific purpose. 

Fire resistant 

(1) With respect to sheet or structural members means the capacity to withstand the heat 

     associated with fire at least as well as aluminum alloy in dimensions appropriate for the

     purpose for which they are used; and 

(2) With respect to fluid carrying lines, fluid system parts, wiring, air ducts, fittings, and

     powerplant controls, means the capacity to perform the intended functions under the 

     heat and other conditions likely to occur when there is a fire at the place concerned. 

First Officer (F/O) A pilot qualified on an aircraft to perform the duties of second in command. May also be taken to mean co-pilot. 

Fixed light. A light having constant luminous intensity when observed from a fixed point. 

Flag Air Carrier. An air carrier whose operations specifications authorize operations Flame resistant means not susceptible to combustion to the point of propagating a flame, beyond safe limits, after the ignition source is removed. Flammable, with respect to a fluid or gas, means susceptible to igniting readily or to exploding. 

Flap extended speed means the highest speed permissible with wing flaps in a prescribed extended position. 

Flash resistant means not susceptible to burning violently when ignited. Foot (ft). The length equal to 0.304 8 metre exactly. 

Flight – An aircraft is deemed to be in flight any time it is no longer in contact with the earth’s surface as the result of its weight being supported by the aerodynamic principles and design features of that particular aircraft. 

Flight altitude Means the altitude above mean sea level at which the aircraft is operated. 

Flight attendant – a crewmember who performs, in the interest safety of passengers, duties assigned by the operator or the pilot in command of the aircraft, but who shall not act as flight crewmember. 

Flight crewmember – a crewmember assigned to duty in an aircraft as a pilot, flight engineer, second officer or navigator or a licensed crew member charged with duties essential to the operation of an aircraft during a flight duty period.
 

Flight Data Analysis. A process of analysing recorded flight data in order to improve the safety of flight operations. 

Flight documentation. Written or printed documents, including charts or forms, containing meteorological information for a flight. 

Flight duty period. The total time from the moment a flight crew member commences duty, immediately subsequent to a rest period and prior to making a flight or a series of flights, to the moment the flight crew member is relieved of all duties having completed such flight or series of flights. 

Flight duty Time – the total elapsed period from the time a crewmember is required to report for duty, to the time that crewmember has completed all official duties with respect to a flight or series of flights and is released for an official crew rest. 

Flight following – the process of monitoring the progress of a flight, from its point of departure to its final destination including any enroute stops, and the notification of the appropriate authorities in the event of an overdue or missing aircraft. 

Flight information centre. A unit established to provide flight information service and alerting service. 

Flight information region. An airspace of defined dimensions within which flight information service and alerting service are provided. 

Flight information service (FIS). A service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights. 

FIS application. An ATN application that provides to aircraft information and advice useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights. Flight level means: 

(1) A level of constant atmospheric pressure related to a reference datum of 29.92 inches 

     of mercury.  Each is stated in three digits that represent hundreds of feet. For example, 

     flight level 250 represents a barometric altimeter indication of 25,000 feet; 

     flight level 255, an indication of 25,500 feet. 

(2) A surface of constant atmospheric pressure which is related to a specific pressure 

     datum, 1 013.2 hectopascals (hPa), and is separated from other such surfaces by 

     specific pressure intervals. 

Flight manual/Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM). A manual, associated with the certificate of airworthiness, containing limitations within which the aircraft is to be considered airworthy, and instructions and information necessary to the flight crew members for the safe operation of the aircraft. 

Flight Operations Officer (FOO) – A person who is authorized by an air carrier to exercise operational control over a flight. Flight plan. Specified information provided to air traffic services units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight of an aircraft. 

Filed flight plan. The flight plan as filed with an ATS unit by the pilot or a designated representative, without any subsequent changes. 

Flight recorder. Any type of recorder installed in the aircraft for the purpose of complementing accident/incident investigation. 

Flight safety documents system. A set of inter-related documentation established by the operator, compiling and organizing information necessary for flight and ground operations, and comprising, as a minimum, the operations manual and the operator’s maintenance control manual. 

Flight status. An indication of whether a given aircraft requires special handling by air traffic services units or not. 

Flight time means the total elapsed time from the moment the aircraft first moves under its own power for the purpose of take off, until the time it comes to rest at the end of the flight. 

(1) Pilot time that commences when an aircraft moves under its own power for the 

     purpose of flight and ends when the aircraft comes to rest after landing; or 

(2) For a glider without self-launch capability, pilot time that commences when the 

     glider is towed for the purpose of flight and ends when the glider comes to rest after landing. 

Flight time - aeroplanes. The total time from the moment an aeroplane first moves for the purpose of taking off until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight. 

Flight time - helicopters. The total time from the moment a helicopter’s rotor blades start turning until the moment the helicopter finally comes to rest at the end of the flight, and the rotor blades are stopped. 

Flight visibility means the average forward horizontal distance, from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight, at which prominent unlighted objects may be seen and identified by day and prominent lighted objects may be seen and identified by night. 

Flight Watch – the process by which a qualified flight operations officer provides flight following services to a flight, and provides any operational information as may be requested by the pilot in command or deemed necessary by the flight operations officer. 

Flight watch system – means an air carrier’s equipment, facilities and personnel which enable that air carrier to exercise operational control over a flight in progress via direct and timely communications with that flight. 

Forecast. A statement of expected meteorological conditions for a specified time or period, and for a specified area or portion of airspace. 

Foreign air carrier means any person other than a citizen of the United States, who undertakes directly, by lease or other arrangement, to engage in air transportation. 

Foreign air commerce means the carriage by aircraft of persons or property for compensation or hire, or the carriage of mail by aircraft, or the operation or navigation of aircraft in the conduct or furtherance of a business or vocation, in commerce between a place in the Republic of Indonesia and any place outside thereof

Foreign air transportation means the carriage by aircraft of persons or property as a common carrier for compensation or hire, or the carriage of mail by aircraft, in commerce in to and out from the Republic of Indonesia and any place outside of the Republic of Indonesia. 

Forecast. A statement of expected meteorological conditions for a specified time or period, and for a specified area or portion of airspace. 

Foreign civil aircraft means an aircraft registered and or bearing non-Indonesian nationality and registration marks. 

Forward error correction (FEC). The process of adding redundant information to the transmitted signal in a manner which allows correction, at the receiver, of errors incurred in the transmission. 

Forward wing means a forward lifting surface of a canard configuration or tandem-wing configuration airplane. The surface may be a fixed, movable, or variable geometry surface, with or without control surfaces. 

Frangible object. An object of low mass designed to break, distort or yield on impact so as to present the minimum hazard to aircraft. 

Frequency channel. A continuous portion of the frequency spectrum appropriate for a transmission utilizing a specified class of emission. 

Fully automatic relay installation. A teletypewriter installation where interpretation of the relaying responsibility in respect of an incoming message and the resultant setting-up of the connections required to effect the appropriate retransmissions is carried out automatically, as well as all other normal operations of relay, thus obviating the need for operator intervention, except for supervisory purposes.

Devenition And Abreviation Aeronautical Telecommunication (Alphabet E)

Effective acceptance bandwidth. The range of frequencies with respect to the assigned frequency for which reception is assured when all receiver tolerances have been taken into account. 

Effective adjacent channel rejection. The rejection that is obtained at the appropriate adjacent channel frequency when all relevant receiver tolerances have been taken into account. 

Effective intensity. The effective intensity of a flashing light is equal to the intensity of a fixed light of the same colour which will produce the same visual range under identical conditions of observation. 

Elevation. The vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface of the earth, measured from mean sea level. 

Elevated heliport. A heliport located on a raised structure on land. 

Ellipsoid height (Geodetic height). The height related to the reference ellipsoid, measured along the ellipsoidal outer normal through the point in question. 

Electronic aeronautical chart display. An electronic device by which flight crews are enabled to execute, in a convenient and timely manner, route planning, route monitoring and navigation by displaying required information. 

Emergency locator transmitter (ELT). A generic term describing equipment which broadcast distinctive signals on designated frequencies and, depending on application, may be automatically activated by impact or be manually activated. An ELT may be any of the following: 

Emergency phase. A generic term meaning, as the case may be, uncertainty phase, alert phase or distress phase. 

End-to-end. Pertaining or relating to an entire communication path, typically from 

(1)  the interface between the information source and the communication system at the

      transmitting end to 

(2)  the interface between the communication system and the information user or 

      processor or application at the receiving end. End-user. An ultimate source and/or 

      consumer of information. 

End system (ES). A system that contains the OSI seven layers and contains one or more end user application processes. 

Energy per symbol to noise density ratio (Es/No). The ratio of the average energy transmitted per channel symbol to the average noise power in a 1 Hz bandwidth, usually expressed in dB. For A-BPSK and A-QPSK, one channel symbol refers to one channel bit. 

En-route alternate. An aerodrome at which an aircraft would be able to land after experiencing an abnormal or emergency condition while en route. 

Entity. An active element in any layer which can be either a software entity (such as a process) or a hardware entity (such as an intelligent I/O chip).
 

Equivalent airspeed means the calibrated airspeed of an aircraft corrected for adiabatic compressible flow for the particular altitude. Equivalent airspeed is equal to calibrated airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea level. 

Equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p). The product of the power supplied to the antenna and the antenna gain in a given direction relative to an isotropic antenna (absolute or isotropic gain). 

Estimated off-block time. The estimated time at which the aircraft will commence movement associated with departure. 

Estimated time of arrival. For IFR flights, the time at which it is estimated that the aircraft will arrive over that designated point, defined by reference to navigation aids, from which it is intended that an instrument approach procedure will be commenced, or, if no navigation aid is associated with the aerodrome, the time at which the aircraft will arrive over the aerodrome. For VFR flights, the time at which it is estimated that the aircraft will arrive over the aerodrome. 

ETOPS – Extended Range Twin-Engine Operations. Means twin-engine, turbine powered airplane operations conducted over specified routes that contain a point further than 60 minutes flying time from an adequate alternate airport, at the aircraft’s specified single engine cruise speed, as determined for standard atmospheric conditions, in still air. 

ETOPS en-route alternate. A suitable and appropriate alternate aerodrome at which an aeroplane would be able to land after experiencing an engine shutdown or other abnormal or emergency condition while en route in an ETOPS operation. 

Exception. A provision in this Annex which excludes a specific item of dangerous goods from the requirements normally applicable to that item. 

Exemption. An authorization issued by an appropriate national authority providing relief from the provisions of this part. 

Expected approach time. The time at which ATC expects that an arriving aircraft, following a delay, will leave the holding point to complete its approach for a landing. 

External equipment (helicopter). Any instrument, mechanism, part, apparatus, appurtenance, or accessory that is attached to or extends from the helicopter exterior but is not used nor is intended to be used for operating or controlling a helicopter in flight and is not part of an airframe or engine. 

Extended range operation. Any flight by an aeroplane with two turbine power-units where the flight time at the one power-unit inoperative cruise speed (in ISA and still air conditions), from a point on the route to an adequate alternate aerodrome, is greater than the threshold time approved by the State of the Operator.
 

Extended over water operation means –
A flight is considered to be in extended over water operations, when it extends beyond the point where special equipment, procedures and/or passenger briefings are required for such operations and specific times and distances can be determined for each aircraft type in CASR 135.351 for aeroplanes and 135.353 for helicopters. Also see CASR Part 91.509 :
(1) With respect to aircraft other than helicopters, an operation over water at a horizontal distance 

      of more than 50 nautical miles from the nearest shoreline; and 

(2) With respect to helicopters, an operation over water at a horizontal distance of more than 

     50 nautical miles from the nearest shoreline and more than 50 nautical miles from an 

     offshore heliport structure. 

External Load – a load that is carried, or extends, outside of the aircraft fuselage or any cargo load carried by an aircraft which falls into one of the following four load classes: 

(1) Class A is an external cargo load that cannot move freely cannot be jettisoned and does 

      not extend below the landing gear. 

(2) Class B is an external cargo load that can be jettisoned and is lifted free of the land and/or water. 

(3) Class C is an external cargo load that can be jettisoned and remains in contact with the 

      land or water during the rotorcraft operation. 

(4) Class D is an external cargo load other than Class A, B, or C external loads. 

External load attaching means the structural components used to attach an external load to an aircraft, including external load containers, the backup structure at the attachment points, and any quick release device used to jettison the external load.

Devenition And Abreviation Aeronautical Telecommunication (Alphabet D)

Data link communications. A form of communication intended for the exchange of messages via a data link. 

Dangerous goods. Articles or substances which are capable of posing a risk to health, safety, property or the environment and which are shown in the list of dangerous goods in the Technical Instructions or which are classified according to those Instructions. 

Dangerous goods accident. An occurrence associated with and related to the transport of dangerous goods by air which results in fatal or serious injury to a person or Danger area. An airspace of defined dimensions within which activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may exist at specified times. 

Database. One or more files of data so structured that appropriate applications may draw from the files and update them. Data integrity. The probability that data has not been altered or destroyed. 

Data product. Data set or data set series that conforms to a data product specification. 

Data product specification. Detailed description of a data set or data set series together with additional information that will enable it to be created, supplied to and used by another party. 

Data quality. A degree or level of confidence that the data provided meets the requirements of the data user in terms of accuracy, resolution and integrity. 

Data set. Identifiable collection of data. Data set series. Collection of data sets sharing the same product specification. 

Date of manufacture. The date of issue of the document attesting that the individual aircraft or engine as appropriate conforms to the requirements of the type or the date of an analogous document. 

Datum. Any quantity or set of quantities that may serve as a reference or basis for the calculation of other quantities. 

Decision altitude (DA) or decision height (DH). A specified altitude or height in the precision approach or approach with vertical guidance at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established.

Declared capacity. A measure of the ability of the ATC system or any of its subsystems or operating positions to provide service to aircraft during normal activities. It is expressed as the number of aircraft entering a specified portion of airspace in a given period of time, taking due account of weather, ATC unit configuration, staff and equipment available, and any other factors that may affect the workload of the controller responsible for the airspace.
 

Declared distances.
a) Take-off run available (TORA). The length of runway declared available and suitable for 

    the ground run of an aeroplane taking off.
b) Take-off distance available (TODA). The length of the take-off run available plus the length 

    of the clearway, if provided. 

c) Accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA). The length of the take-off run available plus the 

    length of the stopway, if provided. 

d) Landing distance available (LDA). The length of runway which is declared available and 

    suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane landing.
 

Declared distances - heliports.
a) Take-off distance available (TODAH). The length of the final approach and take-off area plus

    the length of helicopter clearway (if provided) declared available and suitable for helicopters

    to complete the take-off. 

b) Rejected take-off distance available (RTODAH). The length of the final approach and take-off 

    area declared available and suitable for performance class 1 helicopters to complete a 

    rejected take-off. 

c) Landing distance available (LDAH). The length of the final approach and take-off area plus 

    any additional area declared available and suitable for helicopters to complete the landing 

    manoeuvre from a defined height. 

Defined point before landing. The point, within the approach and landing phase, after which the helicopter’s ability to continue the flight safely, with one engine inoperative, is not assured and a forced landing may be required.  

Degree Celsius (°C). The special name for the unit kelvin for use in stating values of Celsius temperature. 

De-icing/anti-icing facility. A facility where frost, ice or snow is removed (de-icing) from the aeroplane to provide clean surfaces, and/or where clean surfaces of the aeroplane receive protection (anti-icing) against the formation of frost or ice and accumulation of snow or slush for a limited period of time. 

De-icing/anti-icing pad. An area comprising an inner area for the parking of an aeroplane to receive de-icing/anti-icing treatment and an outer area for the manoeuvring of two or more mobile de-icing/anti-icing equipment. 

Dependent parallel approaches. Simultaneous approaches to parallel or near-parallel instrument runways where radar separation minima between aircraft on adjacent extended runway centre lines are prescribed. 

Derivative version. An aircraft gas turbine engine of the same generic family as an originally type-certificated engine and having features which retain the basic core engine and combustor design of the original model and for which other factors, as judged by the certificating authority, have not changed. 

Derived version of an aeroplane. An aeroplane which, from the point of view of airworthiness, is similar to the noise certificated prototype but incorporates changes in type design which may affect its noise characteristics adversely.
 

Derived version of a helicopter. A helicopter which, from the point of view of airworthiness, is similar to the noise certificated prototype but incorporates changes in type design which may affect its noise characteristics adversely. 

Designated Government Check Pilot (DGCP). A person who is the holder of a delegation of authority issued by the Director, authorizing the conduct of certain types of flight checks. 

Design landing mass. The maximum mass of the aircraft at which, for structural design purposes, it is assumed that it will be planned to land. 

Design take-off mass. The maximum mass at which the aircraft, for structural design purposes, is assumed to be planned to be at the start of the take-off run. 

Design taxiing mass. The maximum mass of the aircraft at which structural provision is made for load liable to occur during use of the aircraft on the ground prior to the start of take-off. 

Destination alternate. An alternate aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed should it become either impossible or inadvisable to land at the aerodrome of intended landing. 

DETRESFA. The code word used to designate a distress phase. 

Direction finding - Homing. The procedure of using the direction-finding equipment of one radio station with the emission of another radio station, where at least one of the stations is mobile, and whereby the mobile station proceeds continuously towards the other station. 

Director or DGCA. The Director of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation, or any person authorized to act on his behalf. 

Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The representation of terrain surface by continuous elevation values at all intersections of a defined grid, referenced to common datum. 

Direct transit arrangements. Special arrangements approved by the public authorities concerned by which traffic which is pausing briefly in its passage through the major property damage. 

Dangerous goods incident. An occurrence, other than a dangerous goods accident, associated with and related to the transport of dangerous goods by air, not necessarily occurring on board an aircraft, which results in injury to a person, property damage, fire, breakage, spillage, leakage of fluid or radiation or other evidence that the integrity of the packaging has not been maintained. Any occurrence relating to the transport of dangerous goods which seriously jeopardizes the aircraft or its occupants is also deemed to constitute a dangerous goods incident. 

Distress phase. A situation wherein there is a reasonable certainty that an aircraft and its occupants are threatened by grave and imminent danger and require immediate assistance. 

Ditching. The forced landing of an aircraft on water. 

Displaced threshold. A threshold not located at the extremity of a runway. 

Doppler shift. The frequency shift observed at a receiver due to any relative motion between transmitter and receiver.
 

Double channel simplex. Simplex using two frequency channels, one in each direction. 

Downstream clearance. A clearance issued to an aircraft by an air traffic control unit that is not the current controlling authority of that aircraft. 

Dual instruction time. Flight time during which a person is receiving flight instruction from a properly authorized pilot on board the aircraft. 

Duplex. A method in which telecommunication between two stations can take place in both directions simultaneously.  

D-METAR. The symbol used to designate data link aviation weather report service.

Devenition And Abreviation Aeronautical Telecommunication (Alphabet C)

Cabin Altitude means the pressure inside the cabin of an aircraft in flight ,expressed in feet above Mean Sea Level (MSL). 

Cabin crew member. A crew member who performs, in the interest of safety of passengers, duties assigned by the operator or the pilot-in-command of the aircraft, but who shall not act as a flight crew member. 

Calibrated airspeed means the indicated airspeed of an aircraft, corrected for position and instrument error. Calibrated airspeed is equal to true airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea level. 

Candela (cd). The luminous intensity, in the perpendicular direction, of a surface of 1/600 000 square metre of black body at the temperature of freezing platinum under a pressure of 101 325 newtons per square metre. 

Canard means the forward wing of a canard configuration and may be a fixed, movable, or variable geometry surface, with or without control surfaces. 

Canard configuration means a configuration in which the span of the forward wing is substantially less than that of the main wing. 

Canopy. Bare Earth supplemented by vegetation height. 

Capacitor discharge light. A lamp in which high-intensity flashes of extremely short duration are produced by the discharge of electricity at high voltage through a gas enclosed in a tube. 

Captain. A pilot qualified on an aircraft and responsible for the safe operation of that aircraft. 

Cargo aircraft. Any aircraft, other than a passenger aircraft, which is carrying goods or property. 

Carrier-to-multipath ratio (C/M). The ratio of the carrier power received directly, i.e. without reflection, to the multipath power, i.e. carrier power received via reflection. 

Carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/No). The ratio of the total carrier power to the average noise power in a 1 Hz bandwidth, usually expressed in dBHz.
 

Category:
(1) As used with respect to the certification, ratings, privileges, and limitations of airmen, means a broad classification of aircraft. Examples include: airplane; rotorcraft; glider; and lighter-than-air; and (2) As used with respect to the certification of aircraft, means a grouping of aircraft based upon intended use or operating limitations. Examples include: transport, normal, utility, acrobatic, limited, restricted, and provisional. 

Category A, with respect to transport category rotorcraft, means multiengine rotorcraft designed with engine and system isolation features specified in Part 29 and utilizing scheduled takeoff and landing operations under a critical engine failure concept which assures adequate designated surface area and adequate performance capability for continued safe flight in the event of engine failure. 

Category B, with respect to transport category rotorcraft, means single engine or multiengine rotorcraft which do not fully meet all Category A standards. ategory B rotorcraft have no guaranteed stay up ability in the event of engine failure and unscheduled landing is assumed.
Categories of precision approach and landing operations:
 

Category I (CAT I) operation. A precision instrument approach and landing with a decision height not lower than 60 m (200 ft) and with either a visibility not less than 800 m or a runway visual range not less than 550m. 

Category II (CAT II) operation. 

1. A precision instrument approach and landing with a decision height lower than 60 m (200 ft), but not lower than 30 m (100 ft), and a runway visual range not less than 350 m. 

2. with respect to the operation of aircraft, means a straight-in ILS approach to the runway of an airport under a Category II ILS instrument approach procedure issued by the DGCA or other appropriate authority. 

Category III operations, with respect to the operation of aircraft, means an ILS approach to, and landing on, the runway of an airport using a Category III ILS instrument approach procedure issued by the DGCA or other appropriate authority. 

Category IIIA (CAT IIIA) operation. A precision instrument approach and landing with: 

a) a decision height lower than 30 m (100 ft) or no decision height; and 

b) a runway visual range not less than 200 m (700 feet). 

Category IIIB (CAT IIIB) operation. A precision instrument approach and landing with: 

a) a decision height lower than 15 m (50 ft) or no decision height; and 

b) a runway visual range less than 200 m (700 feet) but not less than 50 m (150 feet). 

Category IIIC (CAT IIIC) operation. A precision instrument approach and landing with no decision height and no runway visual range limitations. 

Causes. Actions, omissions, events, conditions, or a combination thereof, which led to the accident or incident. 

Celsius temperature (t°C). The Celsius temperature is equal to the difference t°C = T - To between two thermodynamic temperatures T and To where To equals 273.15 kelvin. 

Ceiling. The height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below 6 000 metres (20 000 feet) covering more than half the sky or means the height above the earth’s surface of the lowest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena that is reported as “broken”, “overcast”, or “obscuration”, and not classified as “thin” or “partial”.

Certificate means a document issued by, or on behalf of DGCA which confirms a regulatory standard as described in document, has been met. A certificate does not convey any authority to act. Certify as airworthy (to). To certify that an aircraft or parts thereof comply with current airworthiness requirements after maintenance has been performed on the aircraft or parts thereof. 

Certified aerodrome/airport. An aerodrome whose operator has been granted an aerodrome certificate. 

Channel rate. The rate at which bits are transmitted over the RF channel. These bits include those bits used for framing and error correction, as well as the information bits. For burst transmission, the channel rate refers to the instantaneous burst rate over the period of the burst. 

Channel rate accuracy. This is relative accuracy of the clock to which the transmitted channel bits are synchronized. For example, at a channel rate of 1.2 kbits/s, maximum error of one part in 106 implies the maximum allowed error in the clock is ±1.2 × 10-3 Hz. 

Change-over point. The point at which an aircraft navigating on an ATS route segment defined by reference to very high frequency omnidirectional radio ranges is expected to transfer its primary navigational reference from the facility behind the aircraft to the next facility ahead of the aircraft. Charter Air Carrier means any air carrier that provides an air transportation service on a non-scheduled basis. 

Civil aircraft means aircraft other than public aircraft. 

Circuit mode. A configuration of the communications network which gives the appearance to the application of a dedicated transmission path.
Class:
(1) As used with respect to the certification, ratings, privileges, and limitations of airmen, means a classification of aircraft within a category having similar operating characteristics. Examples include: single engine; multiengine; land; water; gyroplane; helicopter; airship; and free balloon; and 

(2) As used with respect to the certification of aircraft, means a broad grouping of aircraft having similar characteristics of propulsion, flight, or landing. Examples include: airplane; rotorcraft; glider; balloon; landplane; and seaplane. 

Clearway. A defined rectangular area on the ground or water under the control of the appropriate authority, selected or prepared as a suitable area over which an aeroplane may make a portion of its initial climb to a specified height.
Clearway means:
(1) For turbine engine powered airplanes certificated after August 29, 1959, an area beyond the runway, not less than 500 feet wide, centrally located about the extended centerline of the runway, and under the control of the airport authorities.
The clearway is expressed in terms of a clearway plane, extending from the end of the runway with an upward slope not exceeding 1.25 percent, above which no object nor any terrain protrudes. However, threshold lights may protrude above the plane if their height above the end of the runway is 26 inches or less and if they are located to each side of the runway. 

(2) For turbine engine powered airplanes certificated after September 30, 1958, but before August 30, 1959, an area beyond the takeoff runway extending no less than 300 feet on either side of the extended centerline of the runway, at an elevation no higher than the elevation of the end of the runway, clear of all fixed obstacles, and under the control of the airport authorities. 

Clearance limit. The point to which an aircraft is granted an air traffic control clearance. 

Climb phase. The operating phase defined by the time during which the engine is operated in the climb operating mode. 

Climbout speed, with respect to rotorcraft, means a referenced airspeed which results in a flight path clear of the height/velocity envelope during initial climbout. 

Cloud of operational significance. A cloud with the height of cloud base below 1 500 m (5 000 ft) or below the highest minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater. 

Co-authority dispatch means the shared authority between the PIC and Flight Operation Officer in the formulation of an operational flight plan and flight release. 

Collision avoidance logic. The sub-system or part of ACAS that analyses data relating to an intruder and own aircraft, decides whether or not advisories are appropriate and, if so, generates the advisories. It includes the following functions: range and altitude tracking, threat detection and RA generation. It excludes surveillance. 

Commercial air transport means any public air transport for remuneration involving collection of fee. 

Commercial air transport operation. An aircraft operation involving the transport of passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or hire. 

Commercial operator means a person who, for compensation or hire, engages in the carriage by aircraft in air commerce of persons or property, other than as an air carrier or foreign air carrier or under the authority. Where it is doubtful that an operation is for "compensation or hire", the test applied is whether the carriage by air is merely incidental to the person's other business or is, in itself, a major enterprise for profit. 

Common mark. A mark assigned by the International Civil Aviation Organization to the common mark registering authority registering aircraft of an international operating agency on other than a national basis. 

Common mark registering authority. The authority maintaining the non-national register or, where appropriate, the part thereof, in which aircraft of an international operating agency are registered.
 

Communication centre. An aeronautical fixed station which relays or retransmits telecommunication traffic from (or to) a number of other aeronautical fixed stations directly connected to it.
 

Competency Check. (CC). Any required operational check performed on company personnel (other than flight crewmembers), by company supervisory personnel duly authorized to perform that check. 

Company Check Pilot (CCP). An employee of an air carrier who is the holder of a delegation of authority issued by the Director, authorizing the conduct of certain types of flight checks. 

Commuter Air Carrier. any air carrier that provides an air transportation service on a scheduled basis. 

Consignment. One or more packages of dangerous goods accepted by an operator from one shipper at one time and at one address, receipted for in one lot and moving to one consignee at one destination address. 

Conference communications. Communication facilities whereby direct speech conversation may be conducted between three or more locations simultaneously. 

Configuration deviation list (CDL). A list established by the organization responsible for the type design with the approval of the State of Design which identifies any external parts of an aircraft type which may be missing at the commencement of a flight, and which contains, where necessary, any information on associated operating limitations and performance correction. 

Configuration (as applied to the aeroplane). A particular combination of the positions of the moveable elements, such as wing flaps and landing gear, etc., that affect the aerodynamic characteristics of the aeroplane. 

Configuration management. An ATN systems management facility for managers to change the configuration of remote elements. 

Congested area. In relation to a city, town or settlement, any area which is substantially used for residential, commercial or recreational purposes. 

Consultation. Discussion with a meteorologist or another qualified person of existing and/or expected meteorological conditions relating to flight operations; a discussion includes answers to questions. 

Context management (CM) server. An ATS facility that is capable of providing application information relating to other ATSUs to requesting aircraft or ATSUs. 

Context management (CM) application. An ATN application that provides a log-on service allowing initial aircraft introduction into the ATN and a directory of all other data link applications on the aircraft. It also includes functionality to forward addresses between ATS units. 

Contour line. A line on a map or chart connecting points of equal elevation. 

Contracting State. Any country or state, which is a signatory to the Convention of the International Civil Aviation Organization, or any other country acceptable to the Director.
 

Controlled airspace means an airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided to IFR flights and to VFR flights in accordance with the airspace classification. Note - Controlled airspace is a generic term that covers Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E airspace. 

Control area. A controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth. 

Controlled aerodrome. An aerodrome at which air traffic control service is provided to aerodrome traffic. 

Controlled flight. Any flight which is subject to an air traffic control clearance. 

Controlled Firing Area. A controlled firing area is established to contain activities, which if not conducted in a controlled environment, would be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft. 

Controller-pilot data link communications (CPDLC). A means of communication between controller and pilot, using data link for ATC communications. 

CPDLC application. An ATN application that provides a means of ATC data communication between controlling, receiving or downstream ATS units and the aircraft, using air-ground and ground-ground subnetworks, and which is consistent with the ICAO phraseology for the current ATC voice communication. 

Control zone. A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit. 

Controlled Firing Area. A controlled firing area is established to contain activities, which if not conducted in a controlled environment, would be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft. 

Co-pilot. A licensed pilot serving in any piloting capacity other than as pilot-in-command but excluding a pilot who is on board the aircraft for the sole purpose of receiving flight instruction. 

Core Curriculum - means a set of courses approved by the Director, for use by a training center and its satellite training centers. The core curriculum consists of training which is required for certification. It does not include training for tasks and circumstances unique to a particular user. 

Coulomb ©. The quantity of electricity transported in 1 second by a current of 1 ampere. 

Crewmember means a person assigned to perform duty in an aircraft during flight time or A person assigned by an operator to duty on an aircraft during a flight duty period.
 

Critical altitude means the maximum altitude at which, in standard atmosphere, it is possible to maintain, at a specified rotational speed, a specified power or a specified manifold pressure. Unless otherwise stated, the critical altitude is the maximum altitude at which it is possible to maintain, at the maximum continuous rotational speed, one of the following: 

(1) The maximum continuous power, in the case of engines for which this power 

      rating is the same at sea level and at the rated altitude. 

(2) The maximum continuous rated manifold pressure, in the case of engines, 

      the maximum continuous power of which is governed by a constant manifold pressure. 

Critical engine means the engine whose failure would most adversely affect the performance or handling qualities of an aircraft. 

Critical power-unit(s). The power-unit(s) failure of which gives the most adverse effect on the aircraft characteristics relative to the case under consideration. 

Cruise climb. An aeroplane cruising technique resulting in a net increase in altitude as the aeroplane mass decreases. 

Culture. All man-made features constructed on the surface of the Earth, such as cities, railways and canals. 

Current flight plan. The flight plan, including changes, if any, brought about by subsequent clearances. 

Current data authority. The designated ground system through which a CPDLC dialogue between a pilot and a controller currently responsible for the flight is permitted to take place. 

Cyclic redundancy check (CRC). A mathematical algorithm applied to the digital expression of data that provides a level of assurance against loss or alteration of data.

Devenition and Abreviation Aeronautical Telecommunication (Alphabet B)

Balloon means a lighter-than-air aircraft that is not engine driven, and that sustains flight through the use of either gas buoyancy or an airborne heater.

Becquerel (Bq). The activity of a radionuclide having one spontaneous nuclear transition per second.

Bare Earth. Surface of the Earth including bodies of water and permanent ice and snow, and excluding vegetation and man-made objects.

By-pass ratio. The ratio of the air mass flow through the by-pass ducts of a gas turbine engine to the air mass flow through the combustion chambers calculated at maximum thrust when the engine is stationary in an international standard atmosphere at sea level.

Bit error rate (BER). The number of bit errors in a sample divided by the total number of bits in the sample, generally averaged over many such samples.

Brake horsepower means the power delivered at the propeller shaft (main drive or main output) of an aircraft engine.

Devenition and Abreviation Aeronautical Telecommunication (Alphabet A)

Accident. An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such persons have disembarked, in which:
a) a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of:

•  being in the aircraft, or 
• direct contact with any part of the aircraft, including parts which have become detached from the  aircraft, or 
• direct exposure to jet blast,except when the injuries are from natural causes, self-inflicted or inflicted by other persons, or when the injuries are to stowaways hiding outside the areas normally available to the passengers and crew; or

b) The aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which:

• adversely affects the structural strength, performance or flight characteristics of the aircraft, and 
• would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component, except for engine failure or damage, when the damage is limited to the engine, its cowlings or accessories; or for damage limited to propellers, wing tips, antennas, tires, brakes, fairings, small dents or puncture holes in the aircraft skin; or

c) the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible.

Accountable manager mean designed an organization employee. 

Accounting management. An ATN systems management facility to monitor users for use of network resources and to limit the use of those resources. 

Accredited medical conclusion. The conclusion reached by one or more medical experts acceptable to the Licensing Authority for the purposes of the case concerned, in consultation with flight operations or other experts as necessary. 

Accredited representative. A person designated by a State, on the basis of his or her qualifications, for the purpose of participating in an investigation conducted by another State.

Accuracy. A degree of conformance between the estimated or measured value and the true value.

Adviser. A person appointed by a State, on the basis of his or her qualifications, for the purpose of assisting its accredited representative in an investigation. 

Advisory airspace. An airspace of defined dimensions, or designated route, within which air traffic advisory service is available. 

Advisory Circular (AC) means DGCA guidance methods compliance with regulations. 

Advisory route. A designated route along which air traffic advisory service is available. 

Aerial work . An aircraft operation in which an aircraft is used for specialized service such as agriculture, construction, photography, surveying, observation and patrol, search and rescue, aerial advertisement. 

Aerodrome/Airport. A defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations and equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft. 

Aerodrome / Airport certificate. A certificate issued by the appropriate authority under applicable regulations for the operation of an aerodrome. 

Aerodrome beacon. Aeronautical beacon used to indicate the location of an aerodrome from the air. 

Aerodrome identification sign. A sign placed on an aerodrome to aid in identifying the aerodrome from the air. 

Aerodrome control service. Air traffic control service for aerodrome traffic. 

Aerodrome control tower. A unit established to provide air traffic control service to aerodrome traffic. 

Aerodrome traffic. All traffic on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome and all aircraft flying in the vicinity of an aerodrome. 

Aerodrome traffic zone. An airspace of defined dimensions established around an aerodrome for the protection of aerodrome traffic. 

Aerodrome operating minima. The limits of usability of an aerodrome for:

a) take-off, expressed in terms of runway visual range and/or visibility and, if necessary, 

    cloud conditions; 

b) landing in precision approach and landing operations, expressed in terms of visibility and/or 

    runway visual range and decision altitude/height (DA/H) 

c) landing in approach and landing operations with vertical guidance, expressed in terms of 

    visibility and/or runway visual range and decision altitude/height (DA/H); and 

d) landing in non-precision approach and landing operations, expressed in terms of visibility 

    and/or runway visual range, minimum descent altitude/height (MDA/H) and, if necessary, 

    cloud conditions. 

Aerodrome climatological summary. Concise summary of specified meteorological elements at an aerodrome, based on statistical data.

Aerodrome climatological table. Table providing statistical data on the observed occurrence of one or more meteorological elements at an aerodrome. 

Aerodrome control tower. A unit established to provide air traffic control service to aerodrome traffic. 

Aerodrome elevation. The elevation of the highest point of the landing area. 

Aerodrome meteorological office. An office, located at an aerodrome, designated to provide meteorological service for international air navigation. 

Aerodrome reference point. The designated geographical location of an aerodrome.
Aerodrome traffic density.
a) Light. Where the number of movements in the mean busy hour is not greater 

    than 15 per runway or typically less than 20 total aerodrome movements. 

b) Medium. Where the number of movements in the mean busy hour is of 

    the order of 16 to 25 per runway or typically between 20 to 35 total aerodrome movements. 

c) Heavy. Where the number of movements in the mean busy hour is of the order 

    of 26 or more per runway or typically more than 35 total aerodrome movements. 

Aerodynamic coefficients means nondimensional coefficients for aerodynamic forces and moments. 

Aeronautical beacon. An aeronautical ground light visible at all azimuths, either continuously or intermittently, to designate a particular point on the surface of the earth. 

Aeronautical chart. A representation of a portion of the earth, its culture and relief, specifically designated to meet the requirements of air navigation. 

Aeronautical data. A representation of aeronautical facts, concepts or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processing. 

Aeronautical fixed circuit. A circuit forming part of the aeronautical fixed service (AFS). 

Aeronautical fixed service (AFS). A telecommunication service between specified fixed points provided primarily for the safety of air navigation and for the regular, efficient and economical operation of air services. 

Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network (AFTN). A worldwide system of aeronautical fixed circuits provided, as part of the aeronautical fixed service, for the exchange of messages and/or digital data between aeronautical fixed stations having the same or compatible communications characteristics. 

Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network circuit. A circuit forming part of the aeronautical fixed telecommunication network (AFTN). 

Aeronautical ground light. Any light specially provided as an aid to air navigation, other than a light displayed on an aircraft.

Aeronautical information. Information resulting from the assembly, analysis and formatting of aeronautical data. 

Aeronautical Information Circular (AIC). A notice containing information that does not qualify for the origination of a NOTAM or for inclusion in the AIP, but which relates to flight safety, air navigation, technical, administrative or legislative matters. 

Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). A publication issued by or with the authority of a State and containing aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation. 

AIP Amendment. Permanent changes to the information contained in the AIP. 

AIP Supplement. Temporary changes to the information contained in the AIP which are published by means of special pages. 

Aeronautical information service (AIS). A service established within the defined area of coverage responsible for the provision of aeronautical information/data necessary for the safety, regularity and efficiency of air navigation. 

Application. Manipulation and processing of data in support of user requirements (ISO 19104). 

Assemble. A process of merging data from multiple sources into a database and establishing a baseline for subsequent processing. 

AIS product. Aeronautical information provided in the form of the elements of the Integrated Aeronautical Information Package (except NOTAM and PIB), including aeronautical charts, or in the form of suitable electronic media. 

Aeronautical meteorological station. A station designated to make observations and meteorological reports for use in international air navigation. 

Aeronautical mobile service (RR S1.32). A mobile service between aeronautical stations and aircraft stations, or between aircraft stations, in which survival craft stations may participate; emergency position- indicating radiobeacon stations may also participate in this service on designated distress and emergency frequencies. 

Aeronautical mobile ®* service (RR S1.33). An aeronautical mobile service reserved for communications relating to safety and regularity of flight, primarily along national or international civil air routes. 

Aeronautical mobile-satellite service (RR S1.35). A mobile-satellite service in which mobile earth stations are located on board aircraft; survival craft stations and emergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations may also participate in this service. 

Aeronautical mobile-satellite ®* service (RR S1.36). An aeronautical mobile-satellite service reserved for communications relating to safety and regularity of flights, primarily along national or international civil air routes. 

Aeronautical radio navigation service (RR S1.46). A radio navigation service intended for the benefit and for the safe operation of aircraft.

Aeronautical station. A land station in the aeronautical mobile service. In certain instances, an aeronautical station may be located, for example, on board ship or on a platform at sea. 

Aeronautical telecommunication station. A station in the aeronautical telecommunication service. 

Aeronautical telecommunication service. A telecommunication service provided for any aeronautical purpose. 

Aeronautical telecommunication agency. An agency responsible for operating a station or stations in the aeronautical telecommunication service. 

Aeronautical telecommunication log. A record of the activities of an aeronautical telecommunication station.

Aeronautical telecommunication network (ATN). An internetwork architecture that allows ground, air-ground and avionic data subnetworks to interoperate by adopting common interface services and protocols based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model. 

AIDC (ATS interfacility data communication) application. An ATN application dedicated to exchanges between ATS units (ATSUs) of air traffic control (ATC) information in support of flight notification, flight coordination, transfer of control, transfer of communication, transfer of surveillance data and transfer of general data. 

ATN directory services (DIR). A service which provides the capability for an application entity or user in the ATN community to query a distributed directory data base and retrieve addressing, security and technical capabilities information relating to other users or entities within the ATN community. 

ATN security services. A set of information security provisions allowing the receiving end system or intermediate system to unambiguously identify (i.e. authenticate) the source of the received information and to verify the integrity of that information. 

ATN systems management (SM). A collection of facilities to control, coordinate and monitor the resources which allow communications to take place in the ATN environment. These facilities include fault management, accounting management, configuration management, performance management and security management. 

Aeronautical administrative communication (AAC). Communication used by aeronautical operating agencies related to the business aspects of operating their flights and transport services. This communication is used for a variety of purposes, such as flight and ground transportation, bookings, deployment of crew and aircraft or any other logistical purposes that maintain or enhance the efficiency of over-all flight operation. 

Aeronautical operational control in telecommunications. Communication required for the exercise of authority over the initiation, continuation, diversion or termination of flight for safety, regularity and efficiency reasons.

Aeronautical passenger communication (APC). Communication relating to the non-safety voice and data services to passengers and crew members for personal communication. 

AIRAC. An acronym (aeronautical information regulation and control) signifying a system aimed at advance notification based on common effective dates, of circumstances that necessitate significant changes in operating practices. 

Airbase means an area of land and/or water within the territory of the Republic of Indonesia which is used for the aviation activities of the Armed force of the Republic of Indonesia 

Airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS). An aircraft system based on secondary surveillance radar (SSR) transponder signals which operates independently of ground-based equipment to provide advice to the pilot on potential conflicting aircraft that are equipped with SSR transponders. 

Air carrier means a person who undertakes directly by lease, or other arrangement, to engage in air transportation.

Air Carrier/Air Operator Certificate Holder mean a person who undertakes directly by lease or other arrangements to engage in air transportation. 

Air commerce means interstate, overseas, or foreign air commerce or the transportation of mail by aircraft or any operation or navigation of aircraft within the limits of any airway or any operation or navigation of aircraft which directly affects, or which may endanger safety in, interstate, overseas, or foreign air commerce. 

Aircraft. Any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth’s surface. 

Aircraft address. A unique combination of twenty-four bits available for assignment to an aircraft for the purpose of air-ground communications, navigation and surveillance. 

Aircraft avionics. A term designating any electronic device - including its electrical part for use in an aircraft, including radio, automatic flight control and instrument systems. 

Aircraft - category. Classification of aircraft according to specified basic characteristics, e.g. aeroplane, helicopter, glider, free balloon. 

Aircraft certificated for single-pilot operation. A type of aircraft which the State of Registry has determined, during the certification process, can be operated safely with a minimum crew of one pilot. 

Aircraft classification number (ACN). A number expressing the relative effect of an aircraft on a pavement for a specified standard subgrade category. 

Aircraft earth station (AES). A mobile earth station in the aeronautical mobile-satellite service located on board an aircraft (see also “GES”). 

Aircraft engine means an engine that is used or intended to be used for propelling aircraft. It includes turbosuperchargers, appurtenances, and accessories necessary for its functioning, but does not include propellers.

Aircraft operating agency. The person, organization or enterprise engaged in, or offering to engage in, an aircraft operation. Aircraft operation manual. A manual, acceptable to the State of the Operator, containing normal, abnormal and emergency procedures, checklists, limitations, performance information, details of the aircraft systems and other material relevant to the operation of the aircraft. 

Aircraft observation. The evaluation of one or more meteorological elements made from an aircraft in flight. 

Aircraft stand. A designated area on an apron intended to be used for parking an aircraft. Aircraft - type of. All aircraft of the same basic design including all modifications thereto except those modifications which result in a change in handling or flight characteristics. 

Air defence identification zone (ADIZ). Special designated airspace of defined dimensions within which aircraft are required to comply with special identification and/or reporting procedures additional to those related to the provision of air traffic services (ATS). 

Airframe means the fuselage, booms, nacelles, cowlings, fairings, airfoil surfaces (including rotors but excluding propellers and rotating airfoils of engines), and landing gear of an aircraft and their accessories and controls. 

Air-report. A report from an aircraft in flight prepared in conformity with requirements for position, and operational and/or meteorological reporting. 

Air-ground communication. Two-way communication between aircraft and stations or locations on the surface of the earth. 

Air-to-ground communication. One-way communication from aircraft to stations or locations on the surface of the earth. 

Air-ground control radio station. An aeronautical telecommunication station having primary responsibility for handling communications pertaining to the operation and control of aircraft in a given area.

AIRMET information. Information issued by a meteorological watch office concerning the occurrence or expected occurrence of specified en-route weather phenomena which may affect the safety of low-level aircraft operations and which was not already included in the forecast issued for low-level flights in the flight information region concerned or sub-area thereof. 

Air operator certificate (AOC). A certificate authorizing an operator to carry out specified commercial air transport operation. 

Airplane / Aeroplane. A power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given conditions of flight.

Airplane reference field length. The minimum field length required for take-off at maximum certificated take-off mass, sea level, standard atmospheric conditions, still air and zero runway slope, as shown in the appropriate aeroplane flight manual prescribed by the certificating authority or equivalent data from the aeroplane manufacturer. 

Field length means balanced field length for aeroplanes, if applicable, or take-off distance in other cases. 

Air-report. A report from an aircraft in flight prepared in conformity with requirements for position, and operational and/ or meteorological reporting. 

Airship means an engine driven lighter-than-air aircraft that can be steered. Airspace means the airspace over the land and water areas of Republic of Indonesia. 

Air-taxiing. Movement of a helicopter/VTOL above the surface of an aerodrome, normally in ground effect and at a ground speed normally less than 37 km/h (20 kt). 

Air taxiway. A defined path on the surface established for the air taxiing of helicopters. 

Air traffic means aircraft operating in the air or on an airport surface, exclusive of loading ramps and parking areas or All aircraft in flight or operating on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome. 

Air traffic clearance means an authorization by air traffic control, for the purpose of preventing collision between known aircraft, for an aircraft to proceed under specified traffic conditions within controlled airspace. 

Air traffic advisory service. A service provided within advisory airspace to ensure separation, in so far as practical, between aircraft which are operating on IFR flight plans. 

Air traffic control means a service operated by appropriate authority to promote the safe, orderly, and expeditious flow of air traffic. 

Air traffic control clearance. Authorization for an aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by an air traffic control unit. 

Air traffic control service. A service provided for the purpose of:
a) preventing collisions:
    1) between aircraft, and 

    2) on the manoeuvring area between aircraft and obstructions, and
b) expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic.

Air traffic control unit. A generic term meaning variously, area control centre, approach control unit or aerodrome control tower. 

Air traffic service. A generic term meaning variously, flight information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic control service (area control service, approach control service or aerodrome control service).

Application entity (AE). Part of an application process that is concerned with communication within the OSI environment. The aspects of an application process that need to be taken into account for the purposes of OSI are represented by one or more AEs.

Application information. Refers to the application names (e.g. AE qualifiers such as ADS and CPC), version numbers, and addresses (the long or short TSAP, as required) of each application. 

ATS direct speech circuit. An aeronautical fixed service (AFS) telephone circuit, for direct exchange of information between air traffic services (ATS) units. 

ATSC class. The ATSC class parameter enables the ATSC user to specify the quality of service expected for the offered data. The ATSC class value is specified in terms of ATN end-to-end transit delay at 95 per cent probability. 

ATS communications (ATSC). Communication related to air traffic services including air traffic control, aeronautical and meteorological information, position reporting and services related to safety and regularity of flight. This communication involves one or more air traffic service administrations. This term is used for purposes of address administration. 

ATS interfacility data communication (AIDC). Automated data exchange between air traffic services units, particularly in regard to co-ordination and transfer of flights. 

ATS message handling services (ATSMHS). Procedures used to exchange ATS messages over the ATN such that the conveyance of an ATS message is in general not correlated with the conveyance of another ATS message by the service provider. 

ATS unit (ATSU). A generic term meaning variously, air traffic control unit, flight information centre or air traffic services reporting office. 

Authentication. A process used to ensure the identity of a person/user/network entity. 

Authorized path. A communication path that the administrator(s) of the routing domain(s) has pre-defined as suitable for a given traffic type and category. 

Automatic terminal information service (ATIS). The automatic provision of current, routine information to arriving and departing aircraft throughout 24 hours or a specified portion thereof. 

ATIS application. A FIS application that supports the D-ATIS. 

Air traffic services airspaces. Airspaces of defined dimensions, alphabetically designated, within which specific types of flights may operate and for which air traffic services and rules of operation are specified. 

Air traffic services reporting office. A unit established for the purpose of receiving reports concerning air traffic services and flight plans submitted before departure. 

Air traffic services unit. A generic term meaning variously, air traffic control unit, flight information centre or air traffic services reporting office.

Air Traffic Service (ATS) route is a specified route designated for channeling the flow of traffic as necessary for the provision of air traffic services. The term “ATS route” refers to a variety of airways, including jet routes, area navigation (RNAV) routes, and arrival and departure routes. An ATS route is defined by route specifications, which may include:

(1) An ATS route designator; 

(2) The path to or from significant points; 

(3) Distance between significant points; 

(4) Reporting requirements; and 

(5) The lowest safe altitude determined by the appropriate authority. 

Air transit route. A defined path on the surface established for the air transitting of helicopters. 

Air transport means any activity using an aircraft for carrying passengers, cargo and/or post in one or more trips from one airport to another . 

Air Transportation Service, the operation for remuneration, including positioning flights, of any aircraft, which is listed on the air carrier’s Air operating certificate. 

Airway. A control area or portion thereof established in the form of a corridor. Airworthy. Conform to type design and condition for safe operation. 

Airworthiness Certificate/Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A) means A document issued by a DGCA to an individual aircraft and the aircraft meets the appropriate airworthiness requirements. 

Airworthiness Directive (AD) means the legally enforceable rules that apply to the following products : aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, and appliances. 

Alert Area. An alert area is established to inform pilots of a specific area wherein a high volume of pilot training or an unusual type of aeronautical activity is conducted. 

Alerting service. A service provided to notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organizations as required. 

Alternate aerodrome. An aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed when it becomes either impossible or inadvisable to proceed to or to land at the aerodrome of intended landing. Alternate aerodromes include the following: 

Alternate airport means an airport at which an aircraft may land if a landing at the intended airport becomes inadvisable. 

Take-off alternate. An alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft can land should this become necessary shortly after take-off and it is not possible to use the aerodrome of departure. 

En-route alternate. An aerodrome at which an aircraft would be able to land after experiencing an abnormal or emergency condition while en route. 

ETOPS en-route alternate. A suitable and appropriate alternate aerodrome at which an aeroplane would be able to land after experiencing an engine shutdown or other abnormal or emergency condition while en route in an ETOPS operation.

    Destination alternate. An alternate aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed should it become either impossible or inadvisable to land at the aerodrome of intended landing. 

    Adequate Alternate Airport/Aerodrome Is one at which landing performance requirements can be met and has the necessary facilities and services. 

Alternate heliport. A heliport specified in the flight plan to which a flight may proceed when it becomes inadvisable to land at the heliport of intended landing. 

Altitude. The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point, measured from mean sea level (MSL). 

Altitude engine means a reciprocating aircraft engine having a rated takeoff power that is producible from sea level to an established higher altitude. 

Ampere (A). The ampere is that constant electric current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 metre apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 × 10-7 newton per metre of length. 

Anticipated operating conditions. Those conditions which are known from experience or which can be reasonably envisaged to occur during the operational life of the aircraft taking into account the operations for which the aircraft is made eligible, the conditions so considered being relative to the meteorological state of the atmosphere, to the configuration of terrain, to the functioning of the aircraft, to the efficiency of personnel and to all the factors affecting safety in flight. Anticipated operating conditions do not include:

a)  those extremes which can be effectively avoided by means of operating procedures; and 

b)  those extremes which occur so infrequently that to require the Standards to be met in 

     such extremes would give a higher level of airworthiness than experience has shown to be 

     necessary and practical. 

Appliance means any instrument, mechanism, equipment, part, apparatus, appurtenance, or accessory, including communications equipment, that is used or intended to be used in operating or controlling an aircraft in flight, is installed in or attached to the aircraft, and is not part of an airframe, engine, or propeller. 

Approach control service. Air traffic control service for arriving or departing controlled flights. 

Approach control unit. A unit established to provide air traffic control service to controlled flights arriving at, or departing from, one or more aerodromes. 

Approach and landing operations using instrument approach procedures. Instrument approach and landing operations are classified as follows: 

   Non-precision approach and landing operations. An instrument approach and landing  

   which utilizes lateral guidance but does not utilize vertical guidance.

   Approach and landing operations with vertical guidance. An instrument approach and 

   landing which utilizes lateral and vertical guidance but does not meet the requirements established 

   for precision approach and landing operations. 

   Precision approach and landing operations. An instrument approach and landing using 

   precision lateral and vertical guidance with minima as determined by the category of operation. 

Approach and landing phase helicopters. That part of the flight from 300 m (1 000 ft) above the elevation of the FATO, if the flight is planned to exceed this height, or from the commencement of the descent in the other cases, to landing or to the balked landing point. 

Appropriate airworthiness requirements. The comprehensive and detailed airworthiness codes established, adopted or accepted by a State for the class of aircraft, engine or propeller under consideration.

Appropriate authority.
a) Regarding flight over the high seas: The relevant authority of the State of Registry. 

b) Regarding flight other than over the high seas: The relevant authority of the State having 

    sovereignty over the territory being overflown. 

Appropriate ATS authority. The relevant authority designated by the State responsible for providing air traffic services in the airspace concerned. 

Approved. Accepted by a Directorate General of Civil Aviation as suitable for a particular purpose. 

Approved maintenance organization. An organization approved by a DGCA, in accordance with the requirements of CASR Part 145 - Aircraft Maintenance, to perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations of an aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, appliances, or components of aircraft or parts thereof and operating under supervision approved by DGCA. 

Approved training. Training carried out under special curricula and supervision approved by a Contracting State. 

Apron. A defined area, on a land aerodrome, intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking or maintenance. 

Area control centre. A unit established to provide air traffic control service to controlled flights in control areas under its jurisdiction. 

Area control service. Air traffic control service for controlled flights in control areas. 

Area minimum altitude (AMA). The lowest altitude to be usedunder instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) that will provide a minimum vertical clearance of 300 m (1 000 ft) or in designated mountainous terrain 600 m (2 000 ft) above all obstacles located in the area specified, rounded up to the nearest (next higher) 30 m (100 ft).

Area navigation (RNAV) means a method of navigation that permits aircraft operations on any desired course within the coverage of station referenced navigation signals or within the limits of self-contained system capability. 

Area navigation high route means an area navigation route within the airspace extending upward from, and including, 18,000 feet MSL to flight level 450. 

Area navigation low route means an area navigation route within the airspace extending upward from 1,200 feet above the surface of the earth to, but not including, 18,000 feet MSL. 

Area navigation (RNAV) is a method of navigation that permits aircraft operations on any desired flight path. 

Area navigation (RNAV) route is an ATS route based on RNAV that can be used by suitably equipped aircraft. 

Armed Forces means the Army, Navy, Air Force, and , including their regular and reserve components and members serving without component status. 

Arrival routes. Routes identified in an instrument approach procedure by which aircraft may proceed from the en-route phase of flight to an initial approach fix. 

ASHTAM. A special series NOTAM notifying by means of a specific format change in activity of a volcano, a volcanic eruption and/or volcanic ash cloud that is of significance to aircraft operations. 

ATS route. A specified route designed for channelling the flow of traffic as necessary for the provision of air traffic services. 

Automatic dependent surveillance (ADS). A surveillance technique in which aircraft automatically provide, via a data link, data derived from on-board navigation and position-fixing systems, including aircraft identification, four-dimensional position and additional data as appropriate. 

    ADS agreement. An ADS reporting plan which establishes the conditions of ADS data reporting (i.e. data required by the air traffic services unit and frequency of ADS reports which have to be agreed to prior to the provision of the ADS services). 

    ADS application. An ATN application that provides ADS data from the aircraft to the ATS unit(s) for surveillance purposes. 

    ADS contract. A means by which the terms of an ADS agreement will be exchanged between the ground system and the aircraft, specifying under what conditions ADS reports would be initiated, and what data would be contained in the reports. 

Autorotation means a rotorcraft flight condition in which the lifting rotor is driven entirely by action of the air when the rotorcraft is in motion. 

Automatic relay installation. A teletypewriter installation where automatic equipment is used to transfer messages from incoming to outgoing circuits.

Automatic telecommunication log. A record of the activities of an aeronautical telecommunication station recorded by electrical or mechanical means. 

Auxiliary rotor means a rotor that serves either to counteract the effect of the main rotor torque on a rotorcraft or to maneuver the rotorcraft about one or more of its three principal axes. 

Aviation means anything relating to the use of airspace , aircraft, airports, concerning air transport, aviation security and safety, and other related activities and supporting facilities.